تأثیر کاربرد کودهای نیتروژن و دامی بر صفات زراعی و مقدار اسانس رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
محورهای موضوعی : پایداری محیطی
سیامک شافعی
1
,
مجید مجیدیان
2
,
غلامرضا محسن آبادی
3
,
حامد کیومرثی
4
1 - بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزي،دانشگاه گیلان
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزي،دانشگاه گیلان
4 - بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, آثار نامطلوب کودهای شیمیایی, گیاه دارویی, ماده آلی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به آثار نامطلوب کودهای شیمیایی بر محیط زیست، به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر مقادیر مختلف کودهای نیتروژن و دامی بر صفات زراعی و مقدار اسانس گیاه رازیانه آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی گیلان اجرا شد. در این آزمایش عامل کود نیتروژن خالص در چهار سطح صفر، 60، 120 و 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عامل کود دامی در چهار سطحِ صفر، 6، 12 و 18 تن در هکتار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر و عملکرد زیستی مربوط به تیمار تلفیقی180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن به همراه 18 تن کود دامی در هکتار بود. بیشترین تعداد چتر در بوته، وزن دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه، با استفاده از 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص به همراه 18 تن کود دامی حاصل شد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه به مقدار 43/950 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود و کمترین آن در تیمار شاهد به مقدار 4/655 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس دانه با کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص به همراه 18 تن کود دامی، به‌ترتیب با مقدار 946/1 درصد و 15/17 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد کود دامی می‌تواند جایگزینی مناسب برای کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن در زراعت گیاه دارویی رازیانه باشد. این نتیجه نشان داد که می‌توان با استفاده از کودهای دامی، مصرف کود شیمیایی را کاهش داده و همزمان به کارایی مطلوب رسید و در نتیجه از آثار نامطلوب کودهای شیمیایی کاست.
Considering the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers on the environment, to evaluate the effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on agronomic traits and essential oil content of Fennel, an experiment was conducted in Guilan Agricultural Research Center. In this experiment, pure nitrogen fertilizer was used at four levels of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1and the manure was used at four levels of 0, 6, 12, and 18 tonsha-1. The results showed that the highest plant height, number of seeds per umbrella, and biological yield related to combined treatment were 180 kg of nitrogen with 18 tons of manure per hectare. Maximum number of umbrellas per plant, seed weight per plant, 1000 seed weight, and grain yield were obtained using 120 kg of pure nitrogen with 18 tons of manure, with the highest grain yield of 950.43 kg ha-1and minimum in control treatment was obtained in the amount of 655.4 kg ha-1. Highest percentage of essential oil and essential oil yield with the application of 60 kg of pure nitrogen with 18 tons of manure was obtained 1.946 % and 17.15 kg ha-1 respectively. According to the results, it seems that the application of manure can be an appropriate alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation of fennel. The result showed that it is possible to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by using animal manures and at the same time achieve optimal efficiency and reduce the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers.
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