تأثیر کاربرد کودهای نیتروژن و دامی بر صفات زراعی و مقدار اسانس رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
الموضوعات :
سیامک شافعی
1
,
مجید مجیدیان
2
,
غلامرضا محسن آبادی
3
,
حامد کیومرثی
4
1 - بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزي،دانشگاه گیلان
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزي،دانشگاه گیلان
4 - بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, آثار نامطلوب کودهای شیمیایی, گیاه دارویی, ماده آلی,
ملخص المقالة :
با توجه به آثار نامطلوب کودهای شیمیایی بر محیط زیست، به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر مقادیر مختلف کودهای نیتروژن و دامی بر صفات زراعی و مقدار اسانس گیاه رازیانه آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی گیلان اجرا شد. در این آزمایش عامل کود نیتروژن خالص در چهار سطح صفر، 60، 120 و 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عامل کود دامی در چهار سطحِ صفر، 6، 12 و 18 تن در هکتار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر و عملکرد زیستی مربوط به تیمار تلفیقی180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن به همراه 18 تن کود دامی در هکتار بود. بیشترین تعداد چتر در بوته، وزن دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه، با استفاده از 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص به همراه 18 تن کود دامی حاصل شد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه به مقدار 43/950 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود و کمترین آن در تیمار شاهد به مقدار 4/655 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس دانه با کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص به همراه 18 تن کود دامی، به‌ترتیب با مقدار 946/1 درصد و 15/17 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد کود دامی می‌تواند جایگزینی مناسب برای کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن در زراعت گیاه دارویی رازیانه باشد. این نتیجه نشان داد که می‌توان با استفاده از کودهای دامی، مصرف کود شیمیایی را کاهش داده و همزمان به کارایی مطلوب رسید و در نتیجه از آثار نامطلوب کودهای شیمیایی کاست.
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