نقد محتوایی کتاب «تاریخ‌نگار تصویرگرا یا شاعر فرمالیست»
محورهای موضوعی : نقد و نظریه ادبی
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه خوارزمی، واحد تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه افسری امام علی(ع)، واحد تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نقد کتاب, تاریخ‌نگارِ تصویرگرا یا شاعر فرمالیست, م. سرشک, تأویل‌های اشتباه و تحلیل انتقادی.,
چکیده مقاله :
محمدرضا شفیعی کدکنی (م. سرشک) از شاعران مشهور ادب معاصر است که آثار پژوهشی در خور توجه و متعدد نیز در حوزه‌های مختلف ادبیات و عرفان دارد. یکی از ساحت‌های شخصیت چندوجهی شفیعی کدکنی، شاعری است و او از اینحیث جایگاهی قابل اعتنا در شعر معاصر فارسی است. شفیعی، شعرشناسی اندیشمند است و همین دو خصلت، غنای صوری و محتوایی ویژه به شعر وی بخشیده که آن را به سوژه‌ای جذاب به لحاظ بررسی ابعاد مختلف تبدیل کرده است. تازه‌ترین کتابی که در زمینۀ شعر شفیعی کدکنی تألیف شده، «تاریخ‌نگارِ تصویرگرا یا شعر فرمالیست» است. علی‌رغم کوشش مؤلف این کتاب برای عرضۀ خوانشی جدید از اشعار م. سرشک، تألیف وی ایراداهایی جدی دارد. در مقالۀ پیش رو با روش تحلیل انتقادی به اشکالهای این کتاب در چهار دستۀ «تعابیر مبهم»، «گزاره‌های اشتباه»، «دریافت غلط و تأویل‌های نادرست» و «توضیحات ناسودمند» پرداخته شده است و در پایان مشخص شده که نداشتن وسواس علمی لازم در تدوین مطالب و درک نادرست مؤلف از نشانه‌های موجود در اشعار شفیعی، موجب شده تا اشتباهات قابل‌توجهی در متن کتاب به چشم بخورد.
Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani is one of the prominent poets of contemporary literature who has numerous research works in various fields of literature and mysticism. One of Shafi'i Kadkani's multifaceted personalities is a poet who has a significant place in contemporary Persian poetry. Shafi'i is a thinker and Poetologist, and these two characteristics have given his poetry richness of form and content, which has turned it into an interesting subject for the study of various dimensions. The latest book written in the field of Shafi'i Kadkani's poetry is “The Imagist Historian or formalist poet”. Despite the efforts of the author of this book to present a new reading of Shafi'i's poems, his authorship has serious flaws. In the following article, with the method of critical analysis, the problems of this book are discussed in four categories: "ambiguous interpretations", "wrong statements", "misunderstandings and incorrect interpretations" and "unhelpful explanations". In the end, it is clear that the lack of scientific obsession in writing the content and the author's misunderstanding of the signs in Shafi'i's poems have caused significant mistakes to be seen in the text of the book.
Keywords: book criticism, the Imagist historian or formalist poet, M. Sereshk, misinterpretations, critical analysis.
Introduction
One of the oldest indigenous knowledge of Iran has been the research in the field of poetry and literature, which was mainly limited to a few specific parts, but today intellectual developments have opened new horizons for literary researchers and the scope of research in this field has become wider. With the pathologists of literary research, it can be understood that not being familiar with the principles of research, haste, and lack of scientific obsession have caused a significant part of these researches to not have correct and efficient results. The book of the Tarikhnegāre Tasvirgārā yā Shāere formalist (the Imagist historian or formalist poet) is one of those studies where the author did not use the necessary seriousness and scientific obsession in compiling its contents, and for this reason, significant mistakes are visible in its text. In this article, this book has been criticized for the method of critical analysis.
Research Background
The book in question has already been criticized in the article "A Methodological Critique of “The Imagist Historian or Formalist Poet”", which only criticized the book's research method. This article has carefully examined the three approaches used in the book. According to the results of this research, the author of the book in question made mistakes in using all three main approaches of the work and did not have a complete and correct understanding of the methods he used. The following article is a kind of continuation of the mentioned article, and It deals with the content of the book.
Theoretical framework
The method used in this article is "critical analysis". Critical analysis is a detailed examination and evaluation of the ideas or findings of a text, which is done by analyzing and validating its different parts. The truth or falsity of the propositions put forward by researchers can only be determined by their critical evaluation.
Data Analysis
“The Imagist Historian or Formalist Poet” is a 420-page book in which the author intends to present a historical-sociological critique of the poems of Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani. In addition to these two approaches, the author devotes a chapter to a discussion of the theory of Russian formalism and also deals with the formalist critique of Shafi'i Kadkani's poems. One of the problems that can be seen in this book in many cases is the existence of ambiguous interpretations and combinations. In some cases, Aali Abbas Abad has used interpretations that he did not provide a specific definition or explain, and it is difficult to understand its meaning from the context of the words; Things like "specific space", "tone", "specific linguistic tools", "internal sociology", "monophonic dialogue", etc. also, in the text of the book, there are sentences that do not seem correct and are unprovable in some cases. The volume of these sentences in the work is impressive. Another problem of the book is the author's wrong interpretations of Shafi'i's poetry and his incorrect interpretations of them. It seems that Aali Abbas Abad did not have a correct understanding of the signs in Shafi'i's poems, and for this reason, in addition to being misunderstood in some cases; he also presented incorrect interpretations of Shafi'i's poems. Although, after the emergence of contemporary "reader-centered" theories, it is now accepted that the path of interpretation in poetry is open, the value and importance of any interpretation is conditional on its degree of adaptability to the requirements and structural system of the text. What Aali has presented does not conform to the signs and structure of the text. Another issue that is noticeable and tangible in the text of the book, especially in its third chapter, is the presence of repetitive content and additional explanations. When reviewing the poems, wherever he encountered a specific name or term, the author gave an extensive description of that name or term, citing various sources. This is while in most cases these explanations and information given do not help to interpret and understand the meaning of that poem.
Conclusion
In research, the more verifiable the data and information presented, the more credible and acceptable the research work will be to scientists. The presence of significant wrong statements in the Tarikhnegāre Tasvirgārā yā Shāere formalist shows the lack of scientific obsession and sufficient accuracy in this research. Interpreting poetry requires a thorough understanding of the poetics of poetry and the poet's worldview, a proper understanding of the symbols in the text, and ultimately, mastering the method of interpretation. This has not been done well in the book in question, and for this reason, the poet has misunderstood some of Shafi'i's poems and has also presented incorrect interpretations of his poems. If Aali Abbas Abad had gained a more accurate understanding of Shafi'i Kadkani's worldview by reading his poems more deeply, he would have been able to act more correctly in understanding the poems and their interpretation; because Shafi'i is a poet with a style and a worldview that is widespread in his poems, and can be achieved by reading his poems carefully. Finally, it should be said that although the respected author has criticized Reza's poems, he has not done so correctly.
Reference
Abrams, M.H. & Harpham, Geoffrey Galt (2014) A Glossary of Literary Terms, 11th Edition, Boston, cengage learning.
Akhavan-Sales, Mahdi (2011) Awakened astonishment sound, 3rd ed, Tehran: Zemestan.
al-Tusi, Nasir al-Din (1988) Basis of quotation. Edited by Mohammad Taghi Modarres razavi. 4th ed. Tehran: Tehran University
Aali Abbas Abad, Yusuf (2019) The Imagist historian or formalist poet. Tehran: Ghatre.
Amadi, Abd al-vahab (1989) Ghorar al-hekam Va Dorar al-kelam. research by Seyyed Mahdi Rajaei. Tehran: Dar-al-kotob Al-eslami.
Anvari, Hassan (2003) Sokhan's compressed culture. Tehran: Sokhan.
Behrangi, asad (2016) My brother Samad Behrangi, the narrative of his life and death. Tabriz: Ilghar.
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1996) Dictionary of Dehkhoda. 2nd ed of the new era. Tehran: Tehran University.
Farahati, Hamze (2006) From those years... and other years. Germany: Forugh
Foladvand, Ezzatollah (2009) A man is singing. 2nd ed. Tehran: Morwarid
Fotoohi, Mahmoud (2010). Image rhetoric. Tehran: Sokhan.
Gaur, Albertine (2011) A History of Writing. Translated by Abbas Mokhbar and Korosh Safavi. Tehran: Markaz.
Hosseinpour Chafi, Ali (2005) Contemporary Persian poetry trends. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Magee, Bryan (2011) The great philosophers. Translated by Ezzatollah Fooladvand. Tehran: Kharazmi.
Meraghi, Abdülkadir (1991) Sharh-e Advar. Edited by Taghi Binesh. Tehran: Markaz
Mashhon, Hasan (2002) History of Iranian music. Tehran: Simorgh & Fakhteh.
Navali, Mahmoud (2005) Existence philosophies, and comparative existentialism. Tabriz: Tabriz University.
Pournamdarian, Taghi (2010) My house is cloudy. Tehran: Morwarid.
Pournamdarian, Taghi (2011) Travel in fog. Tehran: Sokhan.
Razi, Ahmad (2014) Research methods and skills in literature and bibliography. Tehran: Fatemi.
Rezagholi, Ali (2017) The sociology of autocracy. 25nd ed. Tehran: Ney.
Rezagholi, Ali (2010) The sociology of killing the elite. 32nd ed. Tehran: Ney.
Roumi, Jalāl al-Din Moḥammad (2017) Masnavi. Edited and introduced by Mohammad Ali Mohd. Tehran: Hermes & Farhangestan.
Semnani, Ala Al-Doleh (1990) Persian writings. Edited by Najib Mayel Heravi. Tehran: Elmi Va Farhangi.
Seyed Hosseini, Reza (2008) Literary schools. Volume II. Tehran: Negah.
Shafi'i-Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2009) The second millennium of mountain gazelle. Tehran: Sokhan.
Shafi'i-Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (1993) The whips of conduct. Tehran: Agah.
Shafi'i-Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2006) A mirror for the voices. Tehran: Sokhan.
Shafi'i-Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2011) The moods and stories of Mim.Omid. Tehran: Sokhan.
Shafi'i-Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2012) The Resurrection of the Words. Tehran: Sokhan.
Shafi'i-Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2013) With lights and mirrors. 4nd ed. Tehran: Sokhan.
Taheri, Ghodratollah (2016), Fundamentals and principles of research in Persian language and literature, Tehran, Elmi.
Zare'i, Mehrdad (2022)"A Methodological Critique of “The Imagist Historian or Formalist Poet”", in: Literary Criticism, Vol. 15, No. 57, Spring 2022. Pp 111-146.
Zarghani, Mahdi (2012), The perspective of Iranian contemporary poetry. Tehran: Sales.
Zarinkob, Abdolhosin (1992) Notes.
آمدی، ابوالفتح عبدالواحد (۱۴۱۰ق) غرر الحكم و درر الكلم، تحقیق سید مهدی رجایی، تهران، دارالکتاب الاسلامی.
اخوان‌ثالث، مهدی (1390) صدای حیرت بیدار، چاپ سوم، تهران، زمستان.
انوری، حسن (1382) فرهنگ فشردۀ سخن، تهران، سخن.
بهرنگی، اسد (1397) برادرم صمد بهرنگی، روایت زندگی و مرگ او، تبریز، ایلقار.
پورنامداریان، تقی (1389) خانه‌ام ابری است، تهران، مروارید.
-------------- (1390) سفر در مه، چاپ چهارم، تهران، سخن.
حسین‌پور چافی، علی (1384) جریان‌های شعری معاصر فارسی، تهران، امیرکبیر.
دهخدا، علی‌اکبر (1377) لغتنامۀ دهخدا، جلد 4 و9، چاپ دوم از دورۀ جدید، تهران، دانشگاه تهران.
رضاقلی، علی (1389) جامعه‌شناسی نخبه‌کشی، چاپ سی‌ودوم، تهران، نشرنی.
---------- (1398) جامعه‌شناسی خودکامگی، چاپ بیست‌وپنجم، تهران، نشرنی.
رضی، احمد (1393) روش‌ها و مهارت‌های تحقیق در ادبیات و مرجع‌شناسی، تهران، فاطمی.
زارعی، مهرداد (1401) «نقد روش‌شناختی تاریخ‌نگار تصویرگرا یا شاعر فرمالیست»، در: نقد ادبی، سال پانزدهم، شماره 57، بهار، صص 111-146.
زرقانی، مهدی (1391) چشم‌انداز شعر معاصر ایران، تهران، ثالث.
زرین‌کوب، عبدالحسین (1371) یادداشت‌ها و اندیشه‌ها، تهران، اساطیر.
سمنانی، علاءالدوله (1369) مصنفات فارسی، به اهتمام نجیب مایل هروی، تهران، علمی و فرهنگی.
سیدحسینی، رضا (1387) مکتب‌های ادبی، جلد 2، چاپ چهاردهم، تهران، نگاه.
شفیعی‌کدکنی، محمدرضا (1372) تازیانه‌های سلوک، تهران، آگه.
--------------------- (1385) آیینه‌ای برای صداها، چاپ پنجم، تهران، سخن.
--------------------- (1388) هزارۀ دوم آهوی کوهی، چاپ پنجم، تهران، سخن.
--------------------- (1390) حالات و مقامات م.
امید، تهران، سخن.
--------------------- (1391) رستاخیز کلمات، چاپ سوم، تهران، سخن.
--------------------- (1392) با چراغ و آینه، چاپ چهارم، تهران، سخن.
طاهری، قدرت‌الله (1395) مبانی و اصول پژوهش در زبان و ادبیات فارسی، تهران، علمی.
طوسی، خواجه نصیرالدین (1367) اساس‌الاقتباس، تصحیح مدرس رضوی، چاپ چهارم، تهران، دانشگاه تهران.
عالی عباس‌آباد، یوسف (1398) تاریخ‌نگارِ تصویرگرا یا شعر فرمالیست، تهران، قطره.
فتوحي، محمود (1389) بلاغت تصوير، چاپ دوم، تهران، سخن.
فراهتی، حمزه (2006) از آن سال‌ها.
.
.
و سال‌های دیگر، آلمان، فروغ.
فولادوند، عزت‌الله (1388) مردی است می‌سراید، چاپ دوم، تهران، مروارید.
گاور، آلبرتین (1390) تاریخ خط، ترجمۀ عباس مخبر و کوروش صفوی، تهران، مرکز.
مشحون، حسن (1373) تاریخ موسیقی ایران، ، تهران، سیمرغ و فاخته.
مراغی، عبدالقادر (1370) شرح ادوار، به اهتمام تقی بینش، تهران، مرکز.
مگی، برایان (1390) فلاسفۀ بزرگ: آشنایی با فلسفۀ غرب، ترجمۀ عزت‌الله فولادوند، چاپ چهارم، تهران، خوارزمی.
مولوی، جلال‌الدین محمد (1396) مثنوی معنوی، جلد 1، تصحیح و مقدمۀ محمدعلی موحد، تهران، هرمس و فرهنگستان زبان و ادب.
نوالی، محمود (۱۳۷۳) فلسفه‌های اگزیستانس و اگزیستانسیالیسم تطبیقی، تبریز، دانشگاه تبریز.
Abrams, M.H. & Harpham, Geoffrey Galt (2014) A Glossary of Literary Terms, 11th Edition, Boston, cengage learning.
