اثربخشي برنامه آموزشي حافظة فعال واج محور بر بهبود توانايي خواندن دانش آموزان نارساخوان
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
الهام سادات ناجی
1
,
محسن شکوهی یکتا
2
,
سعید حسن زاده
3
,
الهه حجازی
4
,
جواد اژه ای
5
1 - دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
4 - دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
5 - دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: آموزش حافظة فعال, حافظة فعال شنيداري, حافظة فعال ديداري, نارساخواني, توانايي خواندن,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثربخشي برنامة آموزشي حافظة فعال واج محور بر بهبود توانايي خواندن دانش آموزان نارساخوان انجام شد. روش پژوهش از نوع نيمه آزمايشي با طرح پيش آزمون، پس آزمون و پيگيري با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماري پژوهش شامل تمامي دانش آموزان با اختلال خواندن بودند که به مراکز آموزش اختلال هاي يادگيري شهر تهران مراجعه کرده بودند و از بين آنها 30 دانشآموز نارساخواني و شاغل به تحصيل در پايه هاي اول تا سوم ابتدايي با روش نمونه گيري در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايش و گواه جايگزين شدند. گروه آزمايشي در يک دوره 24 جلسه اي آموزش حافظة فعال مبتني بر تحريکات واجي در دو بعد شنيداري و ديداري شرکت کردند. براي گردآوري داده ها از آزمون خواندن و نارساخواني نما استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحليل واريانس چندمتغيري با اندازه گيري مکرر تحليل شد. يافته ها نشان داد که برنامه آموزشي حافظة فعال واج محور به بهبود معنادار توانايي خواندن دانش آموزان نارساخوان در هر سه مؤلفه دقت خواندن، سيالي خواندن و درک خواندن مي انجامد و اين يافته ها در يک پيگيري دوماهه نيز پايدار بودند. اندازه اثرهاي به دست آمده از 0/69 تا 0/43 متغير بودند که نشان دهنده اندازه اثرهاي بزرگ تا متوسط هستند. از اينرو، مي توان گفت که با به کار بستن برنامه آموزشي حافظه فعال واج محور مي توان توانايي خواندن کودکان نارساخوان را بهبود بخشد.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of phoneme-based working memory educational program on enhancing reading ability of dyslexic students. The research method was Quasi-experimental with control group and random assignments, using pre-test, post-test, and fallow-up stages. The statistical population of the study consists of all the students with reading disability in primary schools in Tehran. Among them, 30 students with dyslexia were selected by available sampling method from leading disorders centers and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 24 educational sessions of working memory on phonological stimuli in auditory and visual dimensions. Reading and Dyslexia Test (Kormi-Nouri and Moradi, 2008) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using the multi-variable variance analysis with repeated measures. Findings showed that the phoneme based working memory educational program significantly improved the reading ability of dyslexic students in all three components of reading accuracy, reading fluency and reading comprehension. These findings were also stable in a two-month follow-up. Therefore, it can be concluded that phoneme based working memory education, can improve the reading ability of dyslexic children.
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