تزاحم اجرای مجازات حدی و قصاص علیه کودکان و نوجوانان با حق حیات ایشان
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق کودک
عاطفه عباسی
1
(دکترای حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی از دانشگاه تهران، استادیار گروه حقوق پردیس خواهران دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)، تهران، ایران)
فاطمه صالحی‌نژاد
2
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد معارف اسلامی و حقوق خانواده، پردیس خواهران دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: كودك, نوجوان, قصاص, حدود,
چکیده مقاله :
علی‌رغم اصلاحات قانونی گسترده در قوانین مجازات اسلامی و آیین دادرسی کیفری مصوب 1392 پیرامون اطفال و نوجوانان، همچنان ایرادهایی در حوزه مسؤولیت کیفری، نوع مجازات قابل اجرا و دادرسی جرائم ایشان وجود دارد. این مقاله با روش کتابخانه ای و پس از بررسی دقیق منابع فقهی و قانونی موجود به این نتیجه رسید که هر چند قوانین کشور ناظر به پذیرش نسبی سن مسؤولیت کیفری اطفال و نوجونان در حوزه جرائم تعزیری و استفاده حداقلی از کیفر و افزایش وضع اقدامات تأمینی و تربیتی است، لیکن سن مزبور به ویژه در مورد اجرای مجازات‌های حدی و قصاص فاقد انطباق با مقتضیات اجتماعی بوده و می‌توان با تفکیک میان سن عبادی و مسؤولیت کیفری بر اساس منابع فقهی و علمی موجود، سن مسؤولیت را به نحو مناسبی افزایش داد که این امر مشکل مربوط به اجرای کیفرهای مستوجب قصاص و حد را نیز در خصوص اطفال مرتفع خواهد ساخت.
Despite widespread legal reforms in the Islamic Penal Code and the code of penal procedure approved in 1392, in the scope of children and adolescents, there are still gaps and bugs in the Criminal liability of the child, the kind of executable punishment against them and procedure of crimes of children. This article, in a library method and after accurate study of existing jurisprudence and legal sources, concluded that, although existing laws regulate the relative acceptance of the age of criminal liability of children and adolescents in the field of crimes of inferiority and the minimum use of punishment and increase in legislating educative acts ,but the age of criminal liability Especially regarding the execution of hodoud and retribution is considered to face the challenge of aberration with social requirements and can be increased by appropriate separation between age of religious responsibility and criminal liability, based on available jurisprudential and scientific sources, which is a problem related to the execution of retributive punishments and it will raise the limit for children too.
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