• List of Articles disputes

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Politicography in Iran (Methodic study of five works from political science field)
        سيدرضا ‌ شاكري
        After the establishment of the new political system in Iran, there were many attempts to comprehend this newly generated order and its important axis, the jurisprudent guardianship. The increased number of political science guraduates and religious scholars of Qom resea More
        After the establishment of the new political system in Iran, there were many attempts to comprehend this newly generated order and its important axis, the jurisprudent guardianship. The increased number of political science guraduates and religious scholars of Qom research centers in the last one and a half decade, which is due to the existing political conditions and power relations, has led to the creation of a preoccupation that we have referred to as "politicography" in this article. In the descriptive analytical report on this phenomenon, some outstanding works of contemporary political writers has been methodically studied. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - United Nations Ethics Mediation Position in the Syria-Yemen Crisis
        Sajad  Ehrami Ali  Tavakkoli Tabasi Asgar  Jalalian
        The moral and peaceful settlement of disputes means the resolution of international disputes without reference to force. This method involves scientific methods, in which the conflicts of states and groups in their basic duties and responsibilities can be resolved (such More
        The moral and peaceful settlement of disputes means the resolution of international disputes without reference to force. This method involves scientific methods, in which the conflicts of states and groups in their basic duties and responsibilities can be resolved (such as negotiation, mediation, compromise, Jamila and arbitration). When it comes to resolving conflicts, there are often attempts to put an end to the state of war, the state of war, or the existence of a strong conflict-based probability. In this paper, the ethical settlement of international disputes through ethics of mediation by international organizations, and in particular the United Nations and the Security Council, is studied with the approach of recent developments and crises in both Syria and Yemen. The moral role of the United Nations in ending international disputes and crises is indisputable, but the question is how is the UN's moral attitude to ending these crises and to what extent are major global governments effective in UN decisions? The question is being addressed in this thesis by considering all aspects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Educational Personality Analysis of the Parties to the Disputes between the Governmental Institutions and the competent authority to deal with them
        Abo-Mohammad Saniri Ahmad Asadian
        Obviously, obtaining the legal claims of the claimant or government apparatus of the claimant requires the submission of the necessary documents and documents to give a clear vote of authority from the competent authority, which in turn requires the important procedures More
        Obviously, obtaining the legal claims of the claimant or government apparatus of the claimant requires the submission of the necessary documents and documents to give a clear vote of authority from the competent authority, which in turn requires the important procedures of the hearing, especially the process of exchange of bills with the party to the dispute. In this case, the question arises, what are the conditions for the handling of litigation and disputes between individuals and the government, or the lawsuits and disputes of government agencies? And what are the principles behind it? In the cases and disputes of individuals with the state, the question of whether the person seeking and being heard complies with all the lawsuits brought before the Administrative Court by a single procedure and that the order in the Tribunal's case includes claims against non-governmental organizations, In this research, one can conclude that the results of this research reveal that the personality is different from each other and demands that every person is a natural and legal person of private law, and that the reader is composed of both governmental units and their agents and revolutionary institutions and institutions, and In the Tribunal's case, the reader must also include officials and NGOs. But sometimes there may be disagreements between government agencies, in which case we will examine the regulations and approvals that all disputes of executive agencies are referred to the legal assistants of the devices. Unless the cause of the problem is due to the lack of knowledge of the laws, regulations and unconditional legal principles, the issue will be resolved by agreeing on the existence of a specific ruling in the abovementioned sources, and if resolution of the dispute is not possible, The issues will be discussed and decided by a commission composed of the Legal and Legal Affairs deputies and the deputies of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance of the Organization for Management and Planning of the country, and the principles governing the procedures of judicial proceedings do not address these differences. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Prerequisites for the Introduction of Regional Arrangements to Maintain International Peace and Security
        علی احدی کرنق Mehdi Hadadi
        Regional arrangements which are covering a wide range of international institutions, despite some criticisms, were foreseen both in the League of Nations and the United Nations system in order that their capacity to be used to maintain international peace and security. More
        Regional arrangements which are covering a wide range of international institutions, despite some criticisms, were foreseen both in the League of Nations and the United Nations system in order that their capacity to be used to maintain international peace and security. Accordingly, Chapter 8 of the United Nations Charter, while emphasizing the involvement of regional arrangements for the maintenance of regional peace and security, has laid down conditions and limits for their involvement. This article while paying attention to the role of regional arrangements in international peace and security, addresses the most important conditions and limits of these arrangements stipulated in the 8th chapter of the Charter. These conditions include: 1. Observance of the principles and objectives of the Charter: this is a condition for the coordination of the United Nations and regional arrangements for maintaining peace and security. 2. Enjoying the mechanism of the resolution of disputes: this condition suggests correspondence between the 6th and 7th chapters of the Charter of the United Nations, on the one hand, and the 8th chapter of the Charter. 3. Obtaining permission from the Security Council to take coercive measures: this condition is based on the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security. 4. Informing the Security Council: this condition is a complement to the previous condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Measuring the Influencing Factors on Disputes and Claims of Contractors in Tehran Municipality (2014-2024)
        saman sahraii hamidreza rabifard
        Construction projects significantly contribute to a country's financial resources, yet claims and disputes have become common in these projects. Many stakeholders consider these disputes among the most destructive events in the industry. In most projects, there is a pos More
        Construction projects significantly contribute to a country's financial resources, yet claims and disputes have become common in these projects. Many stakeholders consider these disputes among the most destructive events in the industry. In most projects, there is a possibility of claims from parties, particularly contractors, due to differences in project implementation systems. While eliminating claims is impossible, identifying the primary causes and origins of claims can help prevent them from occurring in projects. This study investigated the causes of disputes and claims by contractors in municipalities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify potential factors affecting disputes and claims. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered to 20 experts and specialists to validate these factors. The probability of disputes occurring and the average probability of these disputes converting into significant differences between contractors and municipalities were measured using statistical tests. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to classify the factors causing these differences, and the probability of conversion for each group was analyzed. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank the factors affecting these differences. The results showed that indicators related to the consultant's weaknesses and shortcomings, as well as those related to the employer's weaknesses and shortcomings, accounted for a significant share in the occurrence of disputes between municipalities and contractors. Specific issues such as the execution and timing of projects, duplication of work, delays in decision-making, and delays in obtaining necessary permits were found to contribute to disputes and claims. The study underscores the importance of effective project management, timely communication, and collaboration between contractors and municipalities to minimize disputes and claims. Manuscript profile