محدودیت

Open Access Article

1 - Obstacles of Integgrated Rural-Urban Development in Sarw-abad Area (Kordestan)
loghman zamani ِAbaas Saidi Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli

Integrated development, in the sense of comprehensive approach to the logical integrity of spatial-temporal connections between sectors in environmental, economic, social, and physical planning procedures, emphasizes in fect, on the active participation of the people an More

Integrated development, in the sense of comprehensive approach to the logical integrity of spatial-temporal connections between sectors in environmental, economic, social, and physical planning procedures, emphasizes in fect, on the active participation of the people and unified management of areas. In addition, it focuses on the effective interaction between rural and urban areas, as otherwise it would be neither in favor of rural centers nor supporting urban centers. So, despite its outstanding capabilities, the Sarwabad’s spatial system was unable to achieve the goals of a desirable and integrated rural-urban development, lacking unified structural-functional planning. This article deals with the Sarwabad Area (including two cities of Sarwabad and Oraman-Takht and villages of the area). With regard to the integrated approach to rural-urban development, based on a comprehensive empirical field research, the paper has pursued the analysis and definition of the constraints of rural-urban development. The results show that, although there is a direct and significant relation between socio-cultural and physical-spatial indices, the security, economic and physical-ecological variables have the lowest correlation and the spatial flows have a medium link with the characteristics of integrated development. Therefore, As a result, integrated rural-urban development, as expected, has not been materialized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Ethical structure regarding freedom of information and filtering in Iran
vali mirzaei ,amir vatani mehdi abbasi sarmadi

Freedom of information and freedom of expression in the Islamic society are two dimensions of the ethical behavioral pattern of government, so that, on the one hand, all members of the community should have the right to express their views and express their views. On th More

Freedom of information and freedom of expression in the Islamic society are two dimensions of the ethical behavioral pattern of government, so that, on the one hand, all members of the community should have the right to express their views and express their views. On the other hand, the society is obliged to provide for the free access of individuals to each other. Slowly The underlying principle in these two types of freedom is the principle of "Abaha" in philosophy, in the sense that whenever a matter of doubt or doubt is subject to restriction or prohibition, it must be the principle of freedom rather than limitation, while the provision Restrictions on freedom must also be enforced by law and not arbitrarily. Separation from this ethical model of government. It is necessary to review the substantive filtering standards in line with the international human rights system. For this reason, individuals must have the necessary freedom to publish and publish information. Although in the Islamic and legal ethics of freedom of expression in our country, there is no right to restrict the freedom of expression or the prohibition of free access to information, but the law is also subject to limitations that must be respected so that the imposition of probable limitations on freedom It should also be part of the needs of a democratic society, so that the legislator can not place anything as a restriction on freedom of expression and information. What is being discussed in this article is to examine the limits of information freedom and filtering Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the Role of Internal Managers; Global Financial Crisis and Financial Constraints on the Relationship Between Financial Loss and the Intensity of Investment in Research and Development Spending in Information Technology Companies
Mohsen Hassani Ali lal bar

10.52547/jstpi.20917.17.67.51

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of internal managers, the global financial crisis and financial constraints on the relationship between financial loss and the intensity of investment in research and development spending in information technology More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of internal managers, the global financial crisis and financial constraints on the relationship between financial loss and the intensity of investment in research and development spending in information technology (IT) companies. The realm of research is the IT companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2018. The present research is applied in applied research. The present research method in terms of nature, is a descriptive study and this method is considered as a correlation in the research category. In the research data section, data was collected from sample companies by referring to financial statements and explanatory notes. Based on the systematic elimination method, 20 companies in the field of information technology were selected as a statistical sample. In order to analyze the data, the pre-test variance analysis, F lemmer test, Hausman test and J-B test were used. Then, multivariate regression test was used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between the financial loss and the intensity of investment in R&D expenditures in the IT companies, additionally, internal managers, the global financial crisis and financial constraints affect on the relationship between the financial loss and the intensity of investment in research expenditures, and the development of IT companies; the results obtained in this study are consistent with the documentation referenced in the theoretical framework of financial research and literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - ارزیابی کارایی و بهره وری شعب شرکت سهامی بیمه ایران براساس تکنیک تحلیل پوششی داده ها و شاخص مالم کوئیست با در نظرگرفتن محدودیت های وزنی
عبدالحسین جعفرزاده حسین صفری محمد رضا مهرگان

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Solve the issue of project scheduling in a steady state with resource constraints and timing of delivery intervals
Meysam Jafari Eskandari rozbeh azizmohammadi

Due to considering the real conditions of project and solving manager’s problems, the primary methods development of scheduling for projects has recently drawn researcher’s attentions so that these methods are looking for finding optimal sequence to realize project goal More

Due to considering the real conditions of project and solving manager’s problems, the primary methods development of scheduling for projects has recently drawn researcher’s attentions so that these methods are looking for finding optimal sequence to realize project goals and to provide its constraints such as dependence, resource constraint (renewable and non-renewable). The importance of these issues has practically and theoretically led researchers to do much efforts on different conditions of issues for project schedule, various methods to solve and or to develop each of them. In this research based on selection of some executive methods for any activity with renewable and non-renewable resource and considering prerequisite relation from kind of start to end and having delivery time for any activity in two time periods that has been provided with regard to delivery time of penalty cost with delay or without delay. The presented model has been solved in small scale by gams software and in small, medium and large scale using meta-heuristic Methods of NSGA ll and cuckoo after coding in software of matlab 2013. The comparison of the answer obtained from the above algorithm indicates the better performance of genetic algorithm in most indexes and cuckoo algorithm has superiority on time index of problem solving. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Portfolio Selection under Trading Constraints and Data Uncertainty Using Robust Optimization Approach and NSGA-II Algorithm
Pejman Peykani Alireza Jandaghian

Portfolio is a collection or combination of investments in financial and non-financial assets that may be carried out by an individual or organization. How to select and optimize of portfolio is very important. One of the most important points that should be considered More

Portfolio is a collection or combination of investments in financial and non-financial assets that may be carried out by an individual or organization. How to select and optimize of portfolio is very important. One of the most important points that should be considered in the proposed approach for portfolio selection, is uncertainty. Because, one of the most important features of financial markets is their uncertainty. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a bi-objective model for portfolio selection that is capable to be used under uncertainty of financial data and for this purpose, a robust optimization approach has been used. It should be noted that return and conditional value at risk (CVaR) are considered as model objectives, and the constraints of the number of shares and the purchasing volume of each share have been added to the model. Also, due to the complexity of the proposed model, a NSGA-II meta-heuristic algorithm has been used to solve the suggested model of research. Finally, the presented model was solved by using the actual data of 200 stocks of Tehran stock market for the period of 2017 and the results were analyzed. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach portfolio selection according to the investor's preferences and constraints under uncertainty of financial data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Economic Load Dispatch in Power Plants, Taking into Account Environmental Pollutants and System Security Indices Using Multi-Objective Harmony Search Algorithm
H. Sharifi محمود اوکاتی صادق

Public sensitivity to environmental issues in the economic dispatch is also impressive. In this case it is necessary to consider the costs of pollution in the economic dispatch. Before the introduction of the concept of power system security, the subject of economic loa More

Public sensitivity to environmental issues in the economic dispatch is also impressive. In this case it is necessary to consider the costs of pollution in the economic dispatch. Before the introduction of the concept of power system security, the subject of economic load dispatch normally focused on economic aspects rather than security of the system. Today, with the expansion of the power grid and system load, combination of stability and economic load dispatch indices has become a critical necessity. This article will consider the issue of solving the economic dispatch of power plants considering the emissions and security indices of the network. Using penalty functions, system security indices are added to the objective function of economic load dispatch problem. Since fuel costs and emission reduction targets are relatively contrasting, problem solving of economic load dispatch and emission reduction leads to a multi-objective optimization problem. Given the complexity of objective functions and necessity of the considering the practical constrains of power plants operation and security indices reveal more than ever the need to use efficient methods to optimize. In this article Multi Objective Harmony Search algorithm (MOHS) has been used to solve the problem. The results show that MOHS algorithm is excellent for convergence and accuracy compared to other employed methods. The proposed testing system used to solve the problem is IEEE test system with 10 power generation units, 39 bus and 46 transmission line. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Performance Improvement of Heterogeneous Networks with Backhaul Constraint through Decoupled Uplink and Downlink Access Policy
a. j. Zolfa Zeinalpour-Yazdi Aliakbar tadaion taft

One of the major challenges in the heterogeneous networks, where different base stations with different capabilities serve users, is the access policy for establishing a communication link between the user and its serving node. To overcome this challenge in a heterogene More

One of the major challenges in the heterogeneous networks, where different base stations with different capabilities serve users, is the access policy for establishing a communication link between the user and its serving node. To overcome this challenge in a heterogeneous network which also suffers from the backhaul constraint, a special kind of “decoupled uplink and downlink access” policy is proposed in this paper, which let users to be served by different base stations in uplink and downlink communications. More precisely, in order to efficiently utilize the system resources, increase the users’ throughput, and guarantee the users’ fairness, a special load balancing association policy is considered in the uplink transmission and a problem which maximizes the weighted sum of users’ effective rates is solved. Simulation results show that using this association policy for the considered scenario, significantly improves the load balancing index, energy efficiency, and also users’ effective rate compared to the scenario which considers the criterion of the maximum received power of the downlink connection for both uplink and downlink transmissions. In addition we propose an algorithm which further improves the load balancing considering the backhaul constraint of the base stations and evaluate its efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Study of selected macroeconomic variables from the perspective of moral hazard and financial constraints on return and capital structure in listed companies
Masoumeh Ebrahimi hosein panahian Hassan Ghodrati mohsen rasolian

The purpose of this paper is to examine the selected macroeconomic variables from the perspective of moral hazard and financial constraints on the return and capital structure in listed companies in addition to macroeconomic variables, the present study seeks to investi More

The purpose of this paper is to examine the selected macroeconomic variables from the perspective of moral hazard and financial constraints on the return and capital structure in listed companies in addition to macroeconomic variables, the present study seeks to investigate and explain ethical risks and inappropriate choices in the capital market and the role of ethics in reducing it. This research is qualitative / quantitative. A number of stock exchange experts have been selected as sample respondents to the interview questions, and among the issues that determine the direction of this research and interview questions, the literature on selected macroeconomic variables, financial constraints and its effect on returns and capital structure and actors. Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To analyze the opinions of experts, first from the grounded theory method to identify indicators, from the fuzzy Delphi method and structural equations to evaluate selected macroeconomic variables, financial constraints and its effect on return and capital structure and capital companies and activists listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange The fuzzy dimtel method was used to prioritize the indicators and monitor the factors, and the structural equations were used to examine the relationships between the variables. In the research, we also intend to show that following ethical principles and developing ethical guidelines and creating a culture for the governance of ethical values can be very effective in reducing the risks of financial markets and creating transparency, reducing the cost of supervision and enforcing laws. Also guarantee. Findings showed that financial constraints affect the severity of the impact of economic output gap on capital structure, stock returns, company size and moral hazard on stock returns. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Using Shunpikes: Women's Strategy for Overcoming Social Constraints in Tourism
hamed bakhshi fatemeh atri

The current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels More

The current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels different from men. For this purpose, the data of the National Survey of Values, Attitudes and Behavior of Tourism in Iran, with a sample size of 5009 people from all provinces of the country, were secondary analyzed. Eight hypotheses related to tourism motivations and behaviors, including having tourism experience, and choosing accommodation, vehicle and tour, were compared between men and women. The results showed that women who traveled alone or with their friends/colleagues, comparing with men, traveled more with tours, less by personal cars, less for recreation purpose, and more for pilgrimage motivation. Women were more likely to travel for visiting relatives when they were alone, and were less likely to camp in trips when traveled with their friends or colleagues. Although the frequency of women who traveled alone or with friends/colleagues were less than men, since their trips with families and relatives were more than men, the total amount of domestic travel by women were not significantly less than men. While the number of foreign trips of women were less than men, the frequency of foreign trips of employed women were not significantly different with men. It seems that despite the serious shortcomings in the quality of women's tourism experience compared to men, by using structural and normative shunpikes, they tried to compensate it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Tourism, Perceived Travel limitations, Seligman's Helplessness Theory, Disabled People
Maedeh Hashemi Zahra Nadalipour

10.61186/journalitor.36119.11.24.195

While leisure limitations have long been the subject of research, there has recently been a growing trend in academic studies that examine such limitations in terms of tourism and disability. However, as those studies are merely limited to the identification and elabora More

While leisure limitations have long been the subject of research, there has recently been a growing trend in academic studies that examine such limitations in terms of tourism and disability. However, as those studies are merely limited to the identification and elaboration of the barriers and limitations., the current study sought to investigate the influence of such limitations on the target population. Therefore, based on the study conducted by Lee et al. (2012), the current study set out to investigate the effect of perceived travel limitations on the tourism tendency of physically disabled individuals living in Tehran, Iran, using Seligman's Helplessness Theory. The required data for this applied, descriptive-analytical correlational study was collected through a survey using a researcher-developed questionnaire. The statistical population of the study comprised all physically disabled people, those suffering from spinal cord injury, and war-disabled individuals living in Tehran, out of whom 383 people were selected as the sample size using the convenience sampling method. The findings of the study indicated that tourism limitations perceived by the disabled residents of Tehran did not significantly affect their tourism tendencies. On the other hand, the perceived tourism limitations exerted a positive influence on their learned helplessness. Finally, the learned helplessness of people with disabilities negatively affected their intention to travel. The results of the present study can be used by relevant institutions such as Tehran's municipality, those responsible for urban management, and institutions in charge of the affairs of disabled people. Manuscript profile

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