جنین

Open Access Article

1 - Dimensions of Legal Liability in Malapropos Cesarean in the Light of the Fundamental Rights of the Fetus
Mahmoud Abbasi Meysam Kalhornia Golkar

Background and aim: Malapropos Cesarean is an intervention in the delivery process aimed at giving birth to a favorite date without medical necessities. This behavioral anomaly has challenged society more than ever in recent years and so is increasing in a way that, if More

Background and aim: Malapropos Cesarean is an intervention in the delivery process aimed at giving birth to a favorite date without medical necessities. This behavioral anomaly has challenged society more than ever in recent years and so is increasing in a way that, if left unaddressed, will become a moral norm and difficult to deal with legally. Method: This study conducted to a descriptive - analytic study that examines the basics and dimensions of legal liability arising from Malapropos Cesarean. Results: Malapropos Cesarean Because of the disruption to the child's natural birth process and putting him at risk can be regarded as a violation of the basic and fundamental rights of the child including the right to life and the right to health and in particular fetal right to spend a full period in the womb. Accordingly, jurisprudential, ethical and legal considerations of this social phenomenon indicate the possibility of professional, civil and criminal liability for physicians. In addition, parents should be involved in the practice of physicians’ violation. Conclusion: Due to the lack of victim power for the action and the consent of the parents and the physician to intervention in the delivery process, the legal prosecution of Malapropos Cesarean faces obstacles. Accordingly, it is necessary, within the framework of the health law system, emphasizing on the public aspect of Malapropos Cesarean, while applying current laws, as well as regulatory, along with dealing with offenders, would be considered necessary measures to avoid health centers from performing this surgery. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Extraction of Fetal ECG from Abdominal Recordings Using Sparse Representation of ECG Signals
Parya Tavoosi قاسم عازمی پگاه زرجام

one of the most prevalent causes for mortality of infants is cardiac failure. Recordings of heart electrical activities by Electrocardiogram (ECG) are a safe method to detect abnormal arrhythmia in time and reduce cardiac failure in newborns. However, the non-invasive e More

one of the most prevalent causes for mortality of infants is cardiac failure. Recordings of heart electrical activities by Electrocardiogram (ECG) are a safe method to detect abnormal arrhythmia in time and reduce cardiac failure in newborns. However, the non-invasive extraction of fetal ECG (fECG) from the maternal abdominal is quite challenging, since the fECG signals are often corrupted by some electrical noises from other sources such as: maternal heart activity, uterine contractions, and respiration, in addition to instrumental noises. Among such signals, the maternal heart signal (due to high amplitude) has the most disruptive effect and the fetal brain signal (due to low amplitude) has the least effect on distortion of the fetal heart signal. In this paper, a new method for extracting fECG signals from multichannel abdominal recordings is proposed. The proposed method uses Compressive Sensing (CS)to reduce the computational complexity and fast Independent Component Analysis (fICA) algorithm to estimate the sources. Also, for finding sparse representations of the acquired ECG signals, two dictionaries namely: discrete cosine transformation and discrete wavelet transform are deployed here. The proposed method is then implemented and its performance is tested using the well-known and publicly available database used in 2013 Physionet Challenge. The performance results are compared with that of the best performing existing methods. The results show that the proposed method based on CS and ICA outperforms the existing detection methods with a Mean Minimum Square Error (MMSE) of 171.65, and therefore can be used for non-invasive and reliable extraction fECG from abdominal recordings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A query in Quran’s description of creation of embryo; investigating the first stage of the growth and development of embryo
غلامرضا نورمحمدی

Objective (s): From a single cell to a few-months old embryo we can witness an extremely precise and subtle process displaying an interesting phenomenon with stunning intricacies. The study of this Phenomenon is called “embryology”. Through the advancement of science, m More

Objective (s): From a single cell to a few-months old embryo we can witness an extremely precise and subtle process displaying an interesting phenomenon with stunning intricacies. The study of this Phenomenon is called “embryology”. Through the advancement of science, man has managed to uncover some of the mysteries of creation of embryo and understand some parts of the process. However, many aspects of creation of embryo are still mysterious and unknown to man. It can be assured that embryo is a being with various mysteries and enigmas and that discovering the remarkable interrelationships between the limbs and systems in embryo can demonstrate the greatness of God’s creation. When one meticulously examines the complex and intricate phases of creation of embryo, which begins from a single and seemingly insignificant cell and following its phases of development turns into the feat of creation, he will definitely bow humbly before God’s Throne of Grace and acknowledge the greatness of creation and the power of the Almighty. Method: The method used for this research is descriptive – analytical. Conclusion: 1. The Quran has classified the stages of embryo’s development with a unique and simple language in a way that it was understood at the time of revelation, and its accuracy can be verified now and in the future. 2. The Quran with special subtlety describes the complex system of creation, development and evolution of embryo in a way that can be defended by today’s science. 3. The Holy Book’s referring to sperm as the first stage of embryo’s creation is com partible with man’s findings in embryology today. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The AbortionDue to the Mother's Hardship, in the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection" Act
Sadegh Shariati Nasab

For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Famil More

For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection Act" in 2021 and the abrogation of that single article, Hardship-based abortion, has been released from merely fetal disease or defect, and generally has been expanded to "severe unbearable Hardship for the mother". This change is considered a big leap in Iran's legislation and needs to be analyzed and investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the conditions, criteria, effects, and efficiency of Hardship-based abortion in the new law. Its method is Descriptive and Analytical. It seems that: 1. Limiting abortion to fetal disease or defects is not logically justified. 2. In some cases, the social and psychological (not physical) Hardship caused by pregnancy, is much more severe and impactful than the fetal diseases. 3. Every dissatisfaction and excuse cannot be considered as a case for a mother's Hardship; rather, the definition, criteria, and examples for Hardship, must be carefully explained. 4. The special procedure in the new Act, guarantees a thorough and comprehensive proceeding to each case. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - riticism of feminist arguments on "freedom of abortion due to moral rights of mother and fetus" based on fundamental methodology in moral philosophy
Narges Roodgar zeinab kabiri

Freedom of abortion is one of the serious feminist demands that is pursued in different tendencies with different arguments. In some of the arguments of social feminists, this demand is addressed in order to achieve the moral rights of mother and fetus. The need for fre More

Freedom of abortion is one of the serious feminist demands that is pursued in different tendencies with different arguments. In some of the arguments of social feminists, this demand is addressed in order to achieve the moral rights of mother and fetus. The need for freedom of abortion because of the right of the fetus to enjoy favorable living conditions or because of attention to maternal quality, as well as because of the prohibition of compulsion to sacrifice as a moral right of women, as well as the right of women to conscious choice, are among the reasons. Some social feminists have suggested. According to the fundamental methodology, every theory of the humanities is influenced by the theoretical foundations of its evolution and cannot be understood without them. As a result, the correct evaluation of the theory depends on recognizing and examining the mentioned foundations. The above-mentioned feminist arguments with their claims about the moral right of mother and fetus have been formed in the supervisory foundations of the schools of philosophy of ethics. Has made them possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Fetal dystocia 1. Obstetrical maneuvers; Dystocia due to postural defects; Dystocia due to faulty position
Niloufar Tashakkori nima farzaneh

The aim of manipulative procedures in the monotocous species must always be to ensure that the fetus is in normal disposition before attempting delivery. Correction of defects of presentation, position, and posture can be achieved only by intrauterine manipulation of th More

The aim of manipulative procedures in the monotocous species must always be to ensure that the fetus is in normal disposition before attempting delivery. Correction of defects of presentation, position, and posture can be achieved only by intrauterine manipulation of the fetus. Retropulsion of the fetus into the uterus is essential for repositioning it. After diagnosing the cause of dystocia and deciding on a plan of action, the obstetrician should consider whether the available facilities are appropriate, and whether the equipment is adequate to carry out the treatment successfully. In severe forms of dystocia, the veterinarian should always seek the assistance of a professional colleague and consider whether it might be appropriate to transport the animal to a place with hospital facilities, provided that the animal is in a fit state to travel. Obstetrical manipulation per vaginam should be performed as cleanly as possible. It is impossible to perform them aseptically because there will inevitably be some contamination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The legitimacy of Fetal Reduction from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence by Emphasizing the Importance of Population Growth
Kobra Pourabdollah Fateme Eslami

<p>Modern fertility procedures have taken a positive and important step in the direction of treating infertility and helping to increase the population. Furthermore, it provided the means to consolidate the family. However, among the many methods of infertility treatmen More

<p>Modern fertility procedures have taken a positive and important step in the direction of treating infertility and helping to increase the population. Furthermore, it provided the means to consolidate the family. However, among the many methods of infertility treatment and also during medical work, sometimes the multiple insemination of embryos causes difficult conditions that oblige the couple to reduce the embryos. Accordingly, "Is the reduction of the fetus legal in jurisprudence?" "Is it appropriate to sacrifice an embryo to benefit another embryo? "Doesn't reducing fetuses jeopardize the goal of increasing the country's population and the welfare of the society?" This paper aims to answer the mentioned questions utilizing the library method, examine the legitimacy or illegitimacy of fetal reduction, and check the expedients in this matter. From the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence, the reduction of the fetus has been legitimate. According to the rules of jurisprudence, including the rule of "Akhf al-Arwein," concluded that preserving the mother's life and reducing the fetus have more benefits and less harm.</p> Manuscript profile

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