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Open Access Article

1 - The Reason of Composing Persian Prose Works from Their Authors' View Hussein
hossain hasanpouralashty Ahmad خلیلی

There were lots of great author along the history of Persian Language who inherited different kinds of works. From 4th Hegira up to nowadays that lots of prose texts has been composed there are few, if any, subjects in philosophical, theological, mystical, literary and More

There were lots of great author along the history of Persian Language who inherited different kinds of works. From 4th Hegira up to nowadays that lots of prose texts has been composed there are few, if any, subjects in philosophical, theological, mystical, literary and scientific that we cannot find some book(s) about. There are some information in the introduction section of these books about author and its contemporaries, general information about the work itself and so on; moreover, there would be some information about the necessity of the work composition that would explain and justify its goals and composition reason in a brief and comprehensive manner. The main question in the current study is that what is the real reason of composition of these works in their authors' view? Authors have gained some piece of data after reviewing 150 works from the most famous Persian prose works in different subjects and genres and divided them into different categories. The general result is that most of these works were written due to the order or request of someone and few, if any, works have been written due to the author's own decision and motive. This issue has often been rooted in personal, social, economic and even political reasons that this article tries to deal with and shed light on its causes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis and Critique of the mystical Usage of Expressions “Fath”, “Fotuh” and Fath-e-bab in f Persian Literature
manzar soltani حسین علیقلی‌زاده

To better understand the Persian literature, knowing mystical expressions is necessary because the mysticism and mystical thought is the spirit of Persian literature. Expressions such as “Fath”, “Fotuh” and Fath-e-bab have been frequently used in different literary work More

To better understand the Persian literature, knowing mystical expressions is necessary because the mysticism and mystical thought is the spirit of Persian literature. Expressions such as “Fath”, “Fotuh” and Fath-e-bab have been frequently used in different literary works. In this research, regarding their various meanings, looked up in literary texts, we will briefly follow the changes in the meanings and interpretations of the expressions “Fath”, “Fotuh” and Fath-e-bab” through distinguished mystical and literary works from the beginning to their growth and again their descend. In some works, “Fath”, “Fotuh” and Fath-e-bab have been used interchangeably, or one has been used for the others. The word “Fath” was originally taken from the Qur’an by mystics and literati and turned to a loaded remark. In fact, the various significances of these mystical expressions originated from the words of Qur’an as seeds which gradually became a fruitful tree of huge foliage in the works of Mowlana. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Analyzing Sōvashōn themes from the viewpoint of Literary Schools and Social Discourses
حسن شاهی‌پور

This essay tries to analyze the novels written by Simin Daneshvar, specially Sovashons which is the bestseller. The essay starts with analyzing this work from literary viewpoints. As the Persian literature works are not so much adopted with the West ones, the attempt More

This essay tries to analyze the novels written by Simin Daneshvar, specially Sovashons which is the bestseller. The essay starts with analyzing this work from literary viewpoints. As the Persian literature works are not so much adopted with the West ones, the attempt has been made to recognize the initiatives and Daneshvars’ works prominent features. The themes of her works have been also analyzed from social discourse viewpoints and further her viewpoints in the recent year’s interviews and meetings are considered. It seems that the secret of readers’ intention to read Daneshvar’s works lies in the fact that she has created the prominent works by reliance on her special literary ability, aesthetics knowledge, initiative and honesty in literature creations, and also enjoys the ability for artistic and literature recreation while taking advantage of mythic heritance and Islamic valuable cultural resources. The more exact point is that she could express the realities of the national and human facts, colonialism; clear and hidden occupations comprehensively through her initiative approach and make the contemporary literature localized. It was the case while these discourses were the imitation of the material export and Marxist modes or that of nothingness due to modernism wondering and found the way into the Persian contemporary fiction. So, the modern way opened by Daneshvar, is primarily upon the principles and Iranian and Islamic Mythical heritance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Effect of educational Literature on the Revolutionary and War Literature in the Selected Works of the Child of the Sixties
SOHEILA MEHRVAZIRI mostafa salari BEHROZ ROMIANI

One of the important types of literature is the children's literature. In Iran, in spite of the literary greatness and power and background, the literature of children in its today’s meaning does not have much background, but in the contemporary period, the literature o More

One of the important types of literature is the children's literature. In Iran, in spite of the literary greatness and power and background, the literature of children in its today’s meaning does not have much background, but in the contemporary period, the literature of children has received a great deal of attention so that it can be said that one of the most extensive and most beautiful types of literary in Iran, especially in the contemporary period, is the effect of educational literature, the literature of revolution and the war on child’s works. This expression in the literature of the child of the sixties reached to its peak, due to the fact that not much time passed since the Islamic Revolution, and also shortly after the Islamic Revolution, the Imposed War happened, in such a way that many Iranian poets and writers, especially the poets of the child and teenagers paid special attention to this literary type among other literary types. This article is written with the aim of indicating and analyzing the effect of educational literature, the literature of revolution and war on the works of the child of the sixties. In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the exact meaning of the child's literature and its characteristics and the child's age periods is discussed briefly. Then the educational literature, the literature of revolution and war and its effects in the poetry and story of the child of the sixties have been analyzed. The result of this study shows that perseverance, courage, kindness, hope, chivalry, advocacy of right and truth and endurance against the oppression and force, are educational values and contents that are the main core of many tales and stories of the child of the sixties Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - OmoureHasbieh in beliet geometiy of shia jurisprudence
Javad Panjehpour siyamak baharloei

The subject of public welfare and public works are important issues among Muslim philosophers such as Shi'a and Sunni. On the one hand, this issue, similar to some other issues in governmental jurisprudence, has partly been influenced by verbal differences between Sunni More

The subject of public welfare and public works are important issues among Muslim philosophers such as Shi'a and Sunni. On the one hand, this issue, similar to some other issues in governmental jurisprudence, has partly been influenced by verbal differences between Sunnis and Shi'as. Accordingly, the Sunni people had paid more attention to the public aspect of public affairs due to the acceptance of caliphate sovereignty, but Shiite jurisprudents had often considered most non-governmental aspects of public affairs. The proper unity and appropriate consensus between the jurists (in their foundations and approaches to the public welfare and public works) in the expansion and limitation of the extent of the implementation of these divine commandments are not observed (although there is a consensus in the sense of affairs). This discrepancy indicates that each of them has different foundations and approaches compared to public welfare. According to the above descriptions, there are two theories and views on the excerpts of the public works. The first view is that the domain of this institution is limited to the guardianship of the estate of the orphans, insane people, and bankrupt orphans. The second view does not limit the scope of public works to specific issues and has a wider perspective than the first view, which also includes social, economic, political, and cultural issues. Even though the public works are one of the vague issues in legal affairs, legislators have not considered a comprehensive definition of it and have not provided an effective criterion for identifying it. Therefore, the main objective of this research is the comparative study of public works for the jurisprudence of Shia and Sunni jurisprudence' views by the codified statue. Also, the findings of this research show that the scope of public works in the Sunni jurisprudence is limited to the issue of Enjoining good and forbidding wrong, but for the Shiite jurisprudents, it covers everything that leads to the disorder in a social system and the fault in society. Thus, the concept of public works is beyond enjoining good and forbidding wrong. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Mystical expressions and interpretations in Forsat-ol doleh poetic works
monavar sadraei seyed mohsen sajedirad samera rostami

Islamic theosophy demonstrates the cultural, social, national and religious essence of a country which gives beauty to the works of poets and consequently acts as a valuable artistic heritage which posterity benefit from.Meanwhile the existing article investigates and d More

Islamic theosophy demonstrates the cultural, social, national and religious essence of a country which gives beauty to the works of poets and consequently acts as a valuable artistic heritage which posterity benefit from.Meanwhile the existing article investigates and describes mystical terms in the poetical works of Forsat ol Doleh. The research method is described to be descriptive-analytical. As a result, The aim and purpose of this article is to demonstrate and determine the usage method of mystical terms. So, the results demonstrate that Forsat has added new concepts to vocabularies like previous poets and used them in mystical interpretations and expressions such as love spring, love wall, love springe and love imagination. We conclude that Forsat is among those poets who has used pub-like expressions in serval places and created several significant combinations. We can imply that one of these expressions is astute which forms some combinations as tavern astute, arc-burning astute, bowl eating astute, clear-sighted astute and stable astute. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Bibliography of Houshang Moradi Kermani’s Works
Farshad Eskandari Sharafi Ali Bazvand

Houshang Moradi Kermani is a well-known writer and stylist in Iran who has had a profound effect on flourishing modern juvenile literature producing an abundant of unique works. Indeed, he tries to depict juvenile world, their issues and concerns in life. The current st More

Houshang Moradi Kermani is a well-known writer and stylist in Iran who has had a profound effect on flourishing modern juvenile literature producing an abundant of unique works. Indeed, he tries to depict juvenile world, their issues and concerns in life. The current study, which is a kind of descriptive-analytic ones applying library sources, aims to both present a brief biography of this writer and investigate his works in juvenile literature comprehensively. The findings reveal that he has produced 8 story collections, 10 novels, 1 autobiography, 3 plays, 3 scenarios, and 3 literary messages during his five decades of writing and literary activity. Most of these works are translated into different languages including German, English, French, Arabic, Chinese, etc. winning various national and international rewards. Besides, there are various movies, TV series, and animations produced based on his scenarios. In terms of different age range for juveniles, his works are appropriate for age groups “D”, “H”, “G” and “B” respectively. Moreover, adults can sometimes be the audience of his works. “Majid Stories” is the most well-known work in juvenile literature due to being broadcasted on TV and radio and published several times as books. Having the highest number of translation versions and winning international rewards, “khomre” is the wolrd’s most famous Iranian work in juvenile literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Explanation of the causes of the earthquake in Avicenna’s works and his impact on Qutb-al-Din Shirazi and Shirvani
Mir Hamid Hashemi Lashenloo Arash Mousavi

Some of the Iranian-Muslim scholars, including Avicenna, have written about the earthquake and what causes it to happen. The study is attempted to explain the views of Avicenna, Qutb-al-Din Shirazi and Mohammad Hassan Shirvani on why and how the earthquake would happen. More

Some of the Iranian-Muslim scholars, including Avicenna, have written about the earthquake and what causes it to happen. The study is attempted to explain the views of Avicenna, Qutb-al-Din Shirazi and Mohammad Hassan Shirvani on why and how the earthquake would happen. Following the Aristotle, Avicenna and even his followers, provided natural explanations for the earthquake. To explain the main cause of the earthquake, These books referred to a natural breath within the earth pushing the surface out. The study concluded that most Muslim scholars, following Avicenna, tended to use the natural factors on explanation of the natural phenomena, including earthquake; Thus they used a so-called scientific methodology to explain it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Glance at A Century of the Translation of Philosophical Texts in Iran (Bibliography of Western Philosopher from Before Christ until the 20th Century)
Saeed Anvari Maryam Mahdavi Mazdeh

During the last century, we have witnessed the second movement of the translation of Western philosophical works in Iran. This bibliography provides a list of the works of 40 famous philosophers of the West from before Christ until the 19th century which have been trans More

During the last century, we have witnessed the second movement of the translation of Western philosophical works in Iran. This bibliography provides a list of the works of 40 famous philosophers of the West from before Christ until the 19th century which have been translated into Persian. The translators who have rendered classic works of philosophy into Persian have sometimes focused on a specific philosopher and have specialized in the translation of his works. For example, Manouchehr Bozorgmehr has mainly been interested in George Berkeley, Mohammad Hassan Lotfi in Plato and Plotinus, Daryush Ashuri in Friedrich Nietzsche, Ziba Jebelli in Marx, and Manuchehr Sanei in Kant. The works of some philosophers have also been translated several times; for example, the book of Thus spoke Zarathustra: A Book for all and None holds the record with 14 different translations. In certain cases, none of the books of some famous Western philosophers, such as Nicolas Malebranche, Dans Scotus, Bonaventure, and William of Ockham, has been translated into Persian. In this bibliography, the authors have introduced the works of the following philosophers: Thomas Aquinas, Augustino of Hippo, Anselm of Canterbury, Epictetus, Epicure, Aristotle, Herbert Spencer, Baruch Spinoza, Plato, Plotinus, Friedrich Engles, Marcus Aurelius, George Berkeley, Francis Bacon, Blaise Pascal, Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Descartes, Jean Jacque Rousseau, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich von Schiller, Ludwig Feuerbach, Johan Gottlieb Fichte, Kant, Auguste Comte, Soren Kierkegaard, John Locke, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Lucretius, Marx Niccolo Machiavelli, Montesquieu, George Edward Moore, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, Thomas Hobbes, George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and David Hume. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A Glance at one Century of Translation of Philosophical Texts in Iran (Bibliography of Western Philosophers from the Beginning of the 20th Century until Now)
Saeed Anvari Maryam Mahdavi Mazdeh

The present paper provides a list of the works of western philosophers (from the beginning of the 20th century until now) which have been translated into Persian and published in Iran. Because of the expansion of the branches of philosophy in the 20th century and the la More

The present paper provides a list of the works of western philosophers (from the beginning of the 20th century until now) which have been translated into Persian and published in Iran. Because of the expansion of the branches of philosophy in the 20th century and the later years and the large number of the prominent philosophers in various fields of philosophy, this list only contains the names of 40 of the most influential philosophers of this period in Iran. The translators who have rendered the works of these philosophers into Persian have sometimes focused on a specific philosopher and specialized in the translation of his works. For example, Manuchehr Sanei Darrehbidi has mainly focused on Wilhelm Dilthey, Yadollah Moaghan on Ernst Cassirer, Malek Hosseini on Wittgenstein, and Mohammad Hassan Lotfi on Jaspers. The works of some philosophers have been translated several times, for instance, Nietzsche and Philosophy by Gilles Deleuze; Political Ideas, Why I Am Not A Christian, Power: A New Social Analysis, and Marriage and Morals by Bertrand Russell; Existentialism is a Humanism and The Words by Jean-Paul Sartre; The Myth of Sisyphus and Notebooks (3 volumes) by Albert Camus; The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn; Logical-Philosophical Treatise by Wittgenstein, and Being and Time by Martin Heidegger have been translated at least four times. Among them Russell’s Power: A New Social Analysis ranks first with six retranslations. This bibliography introduces the works of the following 40 philosophers: Theodor W. Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Alfred Jules Ayer, Henry Bergson, Karl Raimund Popper, William James, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, Simone de Beauvoir, Wilhelm Dilthey, John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, John Bordley Rawls, Richard McKay Rorty, Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur, Jean Paul Sartre, John Rogers Searle, Paul Karl Feyerabend, Friedrich Ludwig GottlobFrege, Paul-Michel Foucault, Rudolf Carnap, Ernst Alfred Cassirer, Albert Camus, Saul Aaron Kripke, Willard Van Orman Quine, Thomas Kuhn, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Emmanuel Levinas, Jean-François Lyotard, Gabriel Honoré Marcel, Herbert Marcuse, Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty, George Edward Moore, Alfred North Whitehead, Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, Jürgen Habermas, Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Friedrich August von Hayek, and Karl Theodor Jaspers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Examining the moral and intellectual characteristics of the perfect man in the works of certain Attar
Shahrokh Hekmat

The search for the perfect man and following him has always been the human aspiration throughout history. Attar always thinks of human perfection by establishing divine prophets and believes that access to the world of science, knowledge and truth is possible only by ar More

The search for the perfect man and following him has always been the human aspiration throughout history. Attar always thinks of human perfection by establishing divine prophets and believes that access to the world of science, knowledge and truth is possible only by arresting a perfect human being. Attar, a famous poet of the seventh century, is a heartbroken old man who, with divine loves to walk the path of truth, has lit the light of the Shari'a and placed it in the way of the Taliban of truth, to seek the seven valleys of mysticism from desire to poverty and destruction. Go home. He always thinks of human perfection and in all his works he raises the issue of a perfect human being. Sheikh Attar is a great poet and mystic who has both theoretical and practical mysticism and has established a connection between them and has expressed many moral points carefully, which may have acted as a moral teacher in his works in this regard. Is. Using the method of allegory, he has been able to reveal both mystical issues and moral points derived from Quranic culture and religious orders. This article intends to express Attar Neyshabouri's attitude and thought about the moral and intellectual characteristics of a perfect human being and how to go through the stages of perfection in Attar's certain works through a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A Reflection On The Positive Principle And Its Application In Iranian Jurisprudence And Law
Behnam Ghanbarpour Seyyed Ali Jabar Golbaghi Masoleh

The meaning of the positive principle is the proof of the rational and common principles of the practical principles; But the discussion of positives is not limited to practical principles; Rather, it is also mentioned in other principles such as the principle of authen More

The meaning of the positive principle is the proof of the rational and common principles of the practical principles; But the discussion of positives is not limited to practical principles; Rather, it is also mentioned in other principles such as the principle of authenticity in other interpretations of signs. The necessity of research on the positive principle is that the positives and rational and Shariah requirements are of fundamental use in jurisprudence and subject law. And it can be the basis of the judge's decision in some cases; For example, if due to the immaturity of the contracting parties, there is doubt about the nullity of the transaction, By referring to the positives of the authenticity principle, it is possible to judge the authenticity of the transaction; Now this question is raised whether the rational, customary and normal principles of practice have also been taken into consideration by jurists and lawyers? The findings of the current research, which is organized in a descriptive and analytical method, indicate that the positive aspects of signs are evidence; But the positives are practical principles that are considered as apparent rules, And they are used in practice when in doubt, and in the real world they have no discovery of the truth. They do not have the ability to hold. As a result, the rational and customary positives of practical principles such as the principle of association and the principle of acquittal cannot be effective in judicial procedures and will not be invoked. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Semantic Emergence of "Exploratory-Intuitive Architecture" from the Analysis of the Ideas and Opinions of Iran's Contemporary Famous Architects in Cultural Works, based on the Reflection of Environmental Aesthetics in the Genius Loci
Rezvaneh Mansouri Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

The purpose of this study is to explain the semantic conceptual model of "Disciplinary-Architecture" to analyze the ideas and opinions of contemporary Iranian architects in the cultural space based on environmental aesthetic reflection in the genios loci. The presen More

The purpose of this study is to explain the semantic conceptual model of "Disciplinary-Architecture" to analyze the ideas and opinions of contemporary Iranian architects in the cultural space based on environmental aesthetic reflection in the genios loci. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and has been analyzed with an inductive approach. In nature, qualitatively describes existing information and component inductive analysis in theoretical subject matter. The method of collecting information by library relying on valid documents using the logical analysis method describes and analyzes theoretical propositions. The propositions have then been extracted, categorized and analyzed from the point of view of a number of contemporary Iranian architects and the views of the field of research. From the findings he suggested that the genios loci of communication with spiritual worlds and the underlying layers of the human soul can be possible. Because intuition is one of the semantic components due to sensory diversity and plurality in simple detail while complexity, in the form of a united whole, the aesthetic concerns of users. In this way, the discovery and intuition with the ability to safely predict the exciting at the same time have an impact on the integration of shared patterns of human emotions and senses. The criteria set forth in explaining a new model of environmental aesthetics in achieving the genios loci through "intuitive-intuitive architecture" lead to "extensive understanding" in contemporary architectural artifacts. Manuscript profile

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