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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Lateral Stabilization of a Four Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicle Using a Three Layer Controller and Sliding Mode Control
        H. Alipour M. Sabahi M. B.  B. Sharifia
        In this paper, a new controller, for lateral stabilization of four wheel independent drive type electric vehicles without mechanical differential, is proposed. The proposed controller has three levels includes high, medium and low control level. Desired vehicle dynamics More
        In this paper, a new controller, for lateral stabilization of four wheel independent drive type electric vehicles without mechanical differential, is proposed. The proposed controller has three levels includes high, medium and low control level. Desired vehicle dynamics such as reference longitudinal speed and reference yaw rate are determined by higher level of controller. In this paper, a new sliding mode controller is proposed and its stability is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. This sliding mode control structure is faster, more accurate, more robust, and with smaller chattering than common sliding mode controllers. Based on the proposed sliding mode controller, the medium control level is designed to determine the desired traction force and yaw moment. In the lower level controller, suitable wheel forces and torques are calculated by an optimal cost function minimizing. Finally, the effectiveness of the introduced controller is investigated through conducted simulations Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Optimal and Simultaneously Compensation of Active, and Reactive Powers in Power System Using of Plug in Electric Vehicle
        f. rashidi H.  Feshki Farahani
        Plug in electric vehicles besides environment pollution reduction can help power system operation. One of the most important capabilities of them is providing activeand reactive power. This paper considers grid constraints, technical concerns and market price and propos More
        Plug in electric vehicles besides environment pollution reduction can help power system operation. One of the most important capabilities of them is providing activeand reactive power. This paper considers grid constraints, technical concerns and market price and proposes a framework to allocate the PEV capacity such that operational cost paid by distribution system operator (DSO) to power provider of active and reactive power is minimized. For this purpose, an objective function is defined that includes the payment for each power provider. This objective function is minimized based on particle swarm optimization subject to grid and vehicles constraints. In this framework, the PEVs compete with generator to produce active and reactive power. In order to accelerate the optimization process and prevent the algorithm from being trapped in local optima, new heuristic approaches are included to the original PSO algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the propose method, it is implemented on the low voltage with 134 customer and including the other power providers and the amount of each participants production and payment cost to each component is determined. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Optimal Operation of AC Microgrid in the Presence of Plug-in Electric Vehicles under Demand Side Managemen
        A. Mehdizadeh N. Taghizadegan J. Salehi
        In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this pa More
        In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this paper proposes optimal operation of AC microgrid in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles under demand side management. The proposed model describes optimal operation of microgrid including the exchange power with the upstream grid, the production of DG units including wind turbines, battery storage, diesel generators, charging and discharging of electric vehicles and the manner of participation of large industrial consumers and aggregators of small consumers in demand side management that minimize the operation cost of microgrid. The proposed formulation is considered the mathematical model of various energy sources in a microgrid and the AC load flow constraints and the bus voltage and feeder current limitations has been considered.In the proposed model, charge and discharge management of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management are simultaneously proposed to reduce operation cost of AC microgrid subject to technical and economic constraints. A 33-bus microgrid is used as test system in order to investigate effects of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management on optimal operation of AC microgrid. The proposed model is formulated via mixed-integer non-linear programming which is solved using CPLEX solver under GAMS optimization software. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Finite and Continuous Control Sets in Two Functional Quarters
        ehsan ghasemi madani Mohammad Reza  Alizadeh Pahlavani Arash Dehestani Kolagar
        In this paper, two schemes of model predictive control (MPC) method, named finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and dead-beat model predictive control (DB-MPC) as a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) are applied and compared to co More
        In this paper, two schemes of model predictive control (MPC) method, named finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and dead-beat model predictive control (DB-MPC) as a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) are applied and compared to control the current of a permanent magnet synchronous machine in energy recovery mode for the use of electric vehicles. The FCS-MPC strategy selects the optimal voltage vector and applies the control pulses directly to the inverter without using any modulators. In other side, DB-MPC is implemented through space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The performance and results of both types of control strategies are extracted and compared using MATLAB Simulink software. The comparisons are made mainly in steady state and transient modes. Both control strategies are applied to a permanent magnet synchronous machine with the same parameters and with the same operating mode. The results show that the current steady state fluctuation is further reduced in the DB-MPC strategy and the transient state response is faster in the FCS-MPC strategy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Multi-Objective Economic-Environment Scheduling of Microgrids in the Presence of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Demand Response to Smooth the Distribution Nodal Prices
        ali mirzaei NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh
        Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper int More
        Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new multi-objective optimization model, which in the first objective, minimizes the total operation cost of the microgrid, and in the second objective, improves the reliability index by reducing the amount of energy not supplied. Due to these two objectives, a multi-objective evolutionary seagull optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal global solutions. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth out distribution nodal prices and reduce CO2 emissions. The 69-bus distribution network has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile