List of Articles Developing Countries

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  1 - The Impact of Innovation on Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries
  Mohammad Hassanzadeh Hatef Hazeri Zahra Davazdahemami
  Innovation is one of the most important means of companies' competitiveness, which, if appropriate infrastructures are provided, can lead to economic growth of countries through scientific and technological development. In this study, the impact of the number of patents More

  Innovation is one of the most important means of companies' competitiveness, which, if appropriate infrastructures are provided, can lead to economic growth of countries through scientific and technological development. In this study, the impact of the number of patents as one of the most important measures of innovation on the economic growth of selected developed and developing countries during the period of 2000-2020 has been analyzed with a panel data approach. Experimental results show that, taking into account control variables, innovation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in developed and developing countries. The comparison of the impact of innovation in the two studied groups shows that in developing countries that have a lower level of innovation, the effect of innovation on economic growth is greater than in developed countries. Based on this, supporting innovation, intellectual property rights and strengthening institutions related to the national innovation system in order to strengthen and extend innovation as one of the basic factors of economic growth should be considered in national planning Manuscript profile
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  2 - Pharmaceutical Industry’s R&D in Developing Countries Case Study: India
  Seyede Sedighe Jalalpour Faranak Nadi
  10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.005
  Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypical More

  Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypicallyimportinghigh technologyfromdeveloped countries, and from the other sidein recent years supply of domestic healthcareneeds faced with new barriers such as high costof drugs and the emergence of new international. Consequently the situation leads to formation and enabling of domestic R&D in Pharmaceutical industry. this paper have considered the situation of Pharmaceutical industry’s R&D in developing countries and then examined the related theories, Having in mind the India’s achievements in Pharmaceutical industry through adoption and implementation of appropriate R&D policies,. India's experiences in Pharmaceutical industry especially in bio technology looked over and finally the pass through manner of India from 1947 till now is presented in a suitable framework. The framework’s features consist of types of R&D, forms of innovation (product or process) and the time with in each period. It may used as guidance for R&D activities in Pharmaceutical industry in other developing countries. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Effect of ICT on Electricity Consumption in Selected Developing Countries
  mousa khoshkalam
  10.52547/jstpi.20763.15.60.29
  The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) and the use of these advances by human societies has duality effects on electrical energy consumption. First, the use of information and communication technology has led to the replacement of new technologies More

  The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) and the use of these advances by human societies has duality effects on electrical energy consumption. First, the use of information and communication technology has led to the replacement of new technologies with old technologies and thus improves the efficiency of electricity consumption and, consequently, reduces their consumption (substitution effect). Second, installation, commissioning and operation of new information and communication technology equipment will increase demand for electricity (income effect). Therefore, the overall effect of information and communication technology on electricity consumption is a function of one of the effects. Accordingly, in this paper, the relationship between the use of information and communication technology and electricity consumption in a group of selected developing countries during the period of 1994-2015 was studied. For this purpose, the dynamic panel model with the PMG approach was used. The results presented in two separate models show that increasing the use of information and communication technology will increase per capita consumption of electricity energy in both short and long term in selected developing countries. Also, the results show that in selected developing countries, economic growth is the cause of electricity consumption, while there is a one-way causality relationship between information and communication technology and electricity consumption and economic growth. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Role and Status of Developing Countries in the IMF in the Aftermath of Global Financial Crisis of 2008
  Sohrab Shahabi Hassan Shahbeig
  The global financial crisis of 2008 has had many effects on different global issues, especially on international monetary management. These effects manifested themselves in applying some reforms in governance, borrowing system and monetary resources of the International More

  The global financial crisis of 2008 has had many effects on different global issues, especially on international monetary management. These effects manifested themselves in applying some reforms in governance, borrowing system and monetary resources of the International Monetary Fund. Considering the importance of developing countries in this system, and because of the measures being taken to respond to the consequences of the crisis, this article is going to depict the place and role of such countries in the post-crisis IMF.Therefore, while explaining the crisis of 2008 by a descriptive-analytical method and its different global consequences, we study the post crisis developments in the IMF. Then, by analysing the envisioned reforms in the system by developing countries and illustrating different situations regarding the financial independence of the IMF, we examine the position of developing countries in global economic management system and their approaches toward international monetary management. The analysis of the post-crisis measures shows us that the reforms in IMF have not made substantial changes in the favour of developing countries and in the process mostly some emerging economies have gained a better position Manuscript profile