Anticline

Open Access Article

1 - Diagenesis, microfacies and determination of original carbonate mineralogy of the Asmari Formation in the southern flank of Rig anticline
Kakemem hamid mirmohammadsadeghi

The aim of this study is to recognize diagenetic processes, microfacies and geochemical evidence for original carbonate mineralogy of Oligocene- Miocene Asmari limestone deposited in the Rig anticline at Rig mountain oil field. In this area, the Asmari Formation with a More

The aim of this study is to recognize diagenetic processes, microfacies and geochemical evidence for original carbonate mineralogy of Oligocene- Miocene Asmari limestone deposited in the Rig anticline at Rig mountain oil field. In this area, the Asmari Formation with a thickness of 364 m have been exposed as a sequence of thin, medium, thick, and massive carbonate rocks. Twelve microfacies types have been distinguished on the basis of depositional textures, petrographic analysis and fauna. These carbonate microfacies belong to four major sub-environments including tidal flat, lagoon, bar/ shoal, and open marine. Absence of turbidite deposits, reefal belt and gradual changes in facies indicated that the Asmari Formation was deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. The main diagenetic processes includes: dolomitization, cementation, micritization, dissolution, and compaction. Petrographic evidence and variation of major and minor element and compare this information with modern aragonite warm water and calcitic cool to cold temperate carbonate and originally aragonite mineralogy of Ordovician sub-tropical carbonate, the calcite mineralogy of Permian sub-polar cold water of Tasmania, the Upper Jurassic aragonite Mozduran limestone, the Ilam carbonate formation, and the Fahliyan Formation indicate that original carbonate mineralogy was aragonite in the Asmari Formation. High Sr/Na ratio suggests original aragonite mineralogy. Variation of Sr and Na values versus Mn confirm replacement of aragonite by calcite during the two stages of diagenetic stabilization. The bivariate plot of Sr/Ca versus Mn shows that Asmari limestone have been influenced by meteoric diagenesis in a closed to semi-closed diagenetic system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation in southern flank of Mish anticline (Tang-e-Ganaveh)
Farzad Moradi Abbas Sadeghi Hasan Amiri Bakhtiar

The Asmari Formation in the southern flank of Mish anticline (in the north of Gachsaran) with a total thickness of 366 m is mainly composed of medium to thick limestone layers. Based on lithological studies, it is mainly composed of a periodic arrangement of marly lime More

The Asmari Formation in the southern flank of Mish anticline (in the north of Gachsaran) with a total thickness of 366 m is mainly composed of medium to thick limestone layers. Based on lithological studies, it is mainly composed of a periodic arrangement of marly limestone with very thick, thick and medium bedded limestone layers and in some parts it consists of dolomitic layers. The lower contact of the Asmari Formation with Pabdeh Formation is gradual and its upper contact with the Gachsaran Formation is conformable with some sharp lithological changes. Based on change in thickness of layers, color and lithology, this carbonate sequence is subdivided into three lithological units. In Biostratigraphic studies, 28 species belonging to 41 genera of foraminifera were recognized. According to recognized biozone and foraminifera assemblages, 4 biozones and one undetermined zone were classified according to Laursen et al., 2009. The age of the Asmari Formation in this section is Oligocene (Rupelian-Chatian) to Early Miocene (Aquitanian-Bourdigalian). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The geometric analysis of Burkh Anticline, the southeastern of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt
Ramzan Ramzani Umali Naser Hafezi Moghaddas Ahmad Nohegar Abdolvahab Afroogh

Burkh anticline with the WNW-ESE trending is located in southeastern part of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt and 40 km to the north of Bastak in the Fars zone. In this paper, based on the field data, satellite images and construction of the seven structural cross sectio More

Burkh anticline with the WNW-ESE trending is located in southeastern part of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt and 40 km to the north of Bastak in the Fars zone. In this paper, based on the field data, satellite images and construction of the seven structural cross sections, structural geometry of the Burkh anticline is presented. Presence of the Precambrian- Cambrian of the Hormoz salt Formation as a basic detachment layer decouple the folded sedimentary cover from basement. Structural data show that the Burkh anticline is a detachment, buckle, asymmetrical and disharmonic fold. For describing tightness geometry of the fold, the term “open” is suggested. Field study and structural cross sections show that the Dashtak Formation as a middle detachment layer is the controlling factor for development of small-scale folding. Based on top of the Dehram Group underground contour map, vertical closure about 1000 m and horizontal closure of 200 km2 were calculated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Geometric and kinetic analysis of Khaneh Sorkh folding in the Lorestan region, Zagros Folded– Thrust Belt
Khatoon Pirdadi Aziz Rahimi Mohamad Mahdi Farahpour

This research has been carried out in order to understand geometric and kinetic analysis of the khaneh Sorkh folding and its structural style. Khaneh Sorkh folding is a long and narrow anticline that is formed due to sleep in the Garau Formation which is located in the More

This research has been carried out in order to understand geometric and kinetic analysis of the khaneh Sorkh folding and its structural style. Khaneh Sorkh folding is a long and narrow anticline that is formed due to sleep in the Garau Formation which is located in the Lorestan region. The Garau Fomation is the intermediate detachment layer in the Lorestan. In order to carry out geometric analysis, three structural cross sections were drawn perpendicular to the axial surface trace on this anticline. Thus, based on the analysis of the geometry of cross sections and comparing parameters with variety of models, it could be suggested that the Khaneh Sorkh Anticline is a detachment fold in the thrust fault-related folds. Finally,geometry of faulted detachment fold and analysed kinetic evolution is valid for Khaneh Sorkh Anticline based on the proposed model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of the Gachsaran mobile formation on folding style and tectonic evolution of the Rag-e- Sefid anticline in the southern Dezful Embayment
Mehdi Yosefi Seyd Morteza Moussavi Mohammad Mahdi Khatib

Plastic behavior and significant thickness of the Gachsaran incompetence formation on top of middle carbonate units in the sedimentary sequence of the southern Dezful Embayment led to the emergence of different styles of folding above and below of this formation. So tha More

Plastic behavior and significant thickness of the Gachsaran incompetence formation on top of middle carbonate units in the sedimentary sequence of the southern Dezful Embayment led to the emergence of different styles of folding above and below of this formation. So that the structures in the upper and lower parts of this formation are completely separated and do not match each other. In the upper anticlines, above the Gachsaran horizon, the calculation of the limbs angle, the main thrust slope and the percentage of forelimb thickening indicate the fault detachment fold style. This style marks the geometry of fold at the early stage of the development of this anticline. Also the seismic profiles below the Gachsaran horizon also show the fault-propagation folding style. In the south Dezful Embayment, folding in the Gachsaran Formation occurs with shorter wavelengths in the form of disharmonic folds. This folding acts as the decoupling surface for the lower folds so that the synclines in this moving horizon directly cover the lower anticlines. The rounded folds in the carbonates in lower anticline are the imposed folds associated with steepened up reverse faults, detached on the basal decollement level and ultimately faulted by progressive deformation. The interpretation of seismic sections in the southern Dezful Embayment shows that lateral migration occurs in the salt units of the GS2 and GS4, and the upper and lower units of the Gachsaran Formation do not play a role in salt migration. Lateral migration in Miocene salts of the Gachsaran Formation is accomplished by the growth of sub-anticline during folding and loading of upper formation at the upper Gachsaran Formation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Geometrical parameter, Anticline, Sarkan, Zagros, Lurestan
Reza Alipoor امیرحسین‌ صدر farid shahmoradi عارف شمس‌زاده

The Sarkan anticline is located in the Lurestan sedimentary-structural zone and in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Geometry and kinematic of the fold of this zone are controlled by thrust faults and detachment levels. The exposed formations in this anticline are the up More

The Sarkan anticline is located in the Lurestan sedimentary-structural zone and in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Geometry and kinematic of the fold of this zone are controlled by thrust faults and detachment levels. The exposed formations in this anticline are the upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic formations. In this research, geometry and deformational style analysis of the anticline and role of the detachment levels on folding style have been investigated using drawing four structural cross-sections, interpretation of the seismic profiles and calculation of geometric parameters. The structure of this anticline is affected by two detachment horizon, which is the flysch Amiran, and shaly Garu formations as the upper and middle detachment levels, respectively. The high thickness of the upper detachment level caused displacement of the surface anticline axis to the SW with respect to the deep anticline axis. The study of geometrical parameters and structural cross-sections of the Sarkan anticline exhibit that this structure is an asymmetric and noncylindrical anticline, and from tightness and aspect ratio view is ranked in the open to gentle and wide category, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Determining the timing of folding of Jarik anticline in the Dezful embayment, based on the geometry of growth strata
Ahmad لشگری Mahmoud reza Hayhat Mohammad Mahdi Khatib Mahdi Najafi

Determining the direction of deformation migration in the fold- thrust belts, is one of the basic aspects for understanding the structural evolution of the fold and thrust belts. By studying the timing and mechanism of deformation and compare it with different regions o More

Determining the direction of deformation migration in the fold- thrust belts, is one of the basic aspects for understanding the structural evolution of the fold and thrust belts. By studying the timing and mechanism of deformation and compare it with different regions of a fold thrust belt, it is possible to gain a better understanding the history of the structural evolution. The timing and development of deformation in the Zagros folded belt is one of the widely studied topics and the general belief is that collision of two plates of central Iran and Arabian began in Miocene, and gradually developed from the northeast to the southwest. According to the present study, the timing of folding of the Jaril anticline in the northern of Dezful embayment is estimated to be end of Middle miocene (Serravalian). The results of the present study indicated that the onset folding of the Jarik anticline in this area coincides with the deposition of the lower Aghajari Formation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Fracture analysis of the Asmari Formation of Dara anticline, as analog model for other Asmari subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs
saeed mohammadi asl Ali Farzipour Saein Ghodratollah Shafiei

The quality of the Asmari Formation, as the reservoir rock of almost three-quarters of the explored oil In Southwest Iran, is often affected by the fractures system. In this paper, in order to study fracture patterns in the Asmari Formation, as well as to present an ana More

The quality of the Asmari Formation, as the reservoir rock of almost three-quarters of the explored oil In Southwest Iran, is often affected by the fractures system. In this paper, in order to study fracture patterns in the Asmari Formation, as well as to present an analog model for other Asmari reservoirs, the Dara anticline in South Dezful depression, which has extensive outcrops of the Asmari Formation, has been studied. During field studies, eleven stations on the anticline, in its different structural positions, have been investigated. In the southwestern limb, four fracture sets trending AZ40-50,AZ130-140,AZ10-20,AZ80-90, in the northeastern limb four fracture sets trending AZ130-140,AZ50-60,AZ170-180,AZ110-120, and in its hinge area, three fracture sets with AZ50-60,AZ130-140,AZ0-10 trends have been identified. From the structural perspective, all the identified fracture sets are associated with folding. In this study, the relative formation time of the identified fractures relative to folding, has been diagnosed as before or simultaneously with folding. Based on field studies, fractures density in the Dara anticline, the Asmari outcrop, ranges from 11.75 to 2 fractures per meter. Indeed, variation range of the fracture length is 1 to 25 m and most fractures have a length of lower than 5 meters. Also, in this study it was found that there is a negative logarithmic relationship between fracture density and sedimentary layers thickness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Asmari Formation in Lar anticline (northeast of Gachsaran): biostratigraphical correlation
Meysam Barari Kharkeshi Ali Seyrafian Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam Roohollah Shabafrooz

The Asmari Formation at the Lar anticline, located 77 km northeast of Gachsaran city, comprised 361 meters in thickness. In the present study, biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Asmari Formation at the Lar anticline (northeast of Gachsaran city) is investigated. Bas More

The Asmari Formation at the Lar anticline, located 77 km northeast of Gachsaran city, comprised 361 meters in thickness. In the present study, biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Asmari Formation at the Lar anticline (northeast of Gachsaran city) is investigated. Based on foraminiferal distribution, 25 genera and 21 species have been identified and four biozones: 1. Lepidocyclina – Operculina – Ditrupa assemblage zone, 2. Archaias asmaricus – Archaias hensoni – Miogypsinoides complanatus assemblage zone, 3. Indeterminate zone, 4. Borelis melo curdica – Borelis melo melo assemblage zone, representing Oligocene (Chattian) to Early Miocene (Aquitanian - Burdigalian) are introduced, respectively. 12 microfacies related to an open marine and lagoon (semi-closed and closed) environments of homoclinal ramp setting are present. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Asmari Formation in north flank of Khami anticline (north of Gachsaran)
Mona Rahim Abadi Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam Ali Seyrafian farzad Sotohian

In the present study, biostratigraphy, microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Asmari Formation in north flank of the Khami anticline in the north of the Gachsaran province is investigated. The Asmari Formation at the study section with a thickness of 276 meters More

In the present study, biostratigraphy, microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Asmari Formation in north flank of the Khami anticline in the north of the Gachsaran province is investigated. The Asmari Formation at the study section with a thickness of 276 meters is a thin, medium and thick to massive limestone, nodular limestone, marl, marly limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone. In this study 166 thin sections are studied and 23 genera and 24 species of foraminifera have been identified and 3 biozones are introduced. 1- Archaias asmaricus-Archaias hensoni-Miogypsinoides complanatus Assemblage zone. (Chattian) 2- Indeterminate zone (Aqutanian) 3- Borelis melo curdica-Borelis melo melo Assemblage zone. (Burdigalian) Thus, the age of the Asmari Formation at the study area is Chattian to Burdigalian (Oligo-Miocene). Based on study of thin sections and by considering the sediment texture, distribution of skeletal and non-skeletal grains, 12 microfacies are recognized which were deposited in open marine, bar, semi-restricted and restricted lagoon. Four platform types for the Asmari Formation at the study area in comparison with the recent studies on Asmari Formation including: 1-Rupelian-lower Chattian: Distally steepend ramp, 2-middle Chattian-upper Chattian: open shelf, 3-Aqiutanian: homoclinal ramp, 4-lower Burdigalian: carbonate platform. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Dariyan Formation in east of Gachsaran (Anneh anticline)
Samaneh Solymani-Ahmadi Hosyen Vaziri moghadam Ali Taheri

In this study, biostratigraphy, micofacies and sedimentary environment of Dariyan Formation in Anneh Anticline, near Hosein-Abad village (east of Gachsaran city) were investigated. Dariyan Formation at this study were consisted of 196 meters of thick, medium and thin More

In this study, biostratigraphy, micofacies and sedimentary environment of Dariyan Formation in Anneh Anticline, near Hosein-Abad village (east of Gachsaran city) were investigated. Dariyan Formation at this study were consisted of 196 meters of thick, medium and thin layers of limestone, with orbitolinids, marl and marly limestone. The Daryian Formation is divided into the upper and lower parts, based on the existence of tongue with thin layer of limestone and laminated shale along with interlayer chert, with a large amount of radiolarids and planktonic foraminifera. In study area, Dariyan Formation conformably overlies the Gadvan Formation and is overlain by Kazhdumi Formation. A total of 114 thin sections were extracted from the study area and 22 benthonic foraminifera and 3 planktonic foraminifera have been identified in 4 biozones and 1 subzone: Praeorbitolina cormyi zone, Palorbitolinoides cf. orbiculata subzone, Hedbergella spp. Assemblage zone, Mesorbitolina texana zone, Mesorbitolina gr. subconcava zone. Based on identified zones in the study section, the age of Dariyan Formation is designated between Early Aptian to Albian. Sedimentary environment study of Dariyan Formation in Anneh Anticline led to identification of 9 microfacies related to open marine and lagoon. Due to the lack of a barrier facies, slumping and storm deposits, lump and grapston, an open shelf sedimentary environment was suggested for deposition of the Dariyan Formation in Anneh anticline. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - (Biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Asmari Formation in south flank of Mish anticline (northeast of Gachsaran
Saber Ahmadi Ali seyrafian Hosyen vaziri-Moghadam

Asmari Formation at the section of the south flank of Mish anticline (northeast of Gachsaran), located 22 km northeast of Basht city, in vicinity village Kalagh ¬Neshin is investigated and has a thickness of 281 meters. In this research, biostratigraphy and microfacies More

Asmari Formation at the section of the south flank of Mish anticline (northeast of Gachsaran), located 22 km northeast of Basht city, in vicinity village Kalagh ¬Neshin is investigated and has a thickness of 281 meters. In this research, biostratigraphy and microfacies of the Asmari Formation in this section were studied and the results were compared with 5 section of Asmari Formation in similar regions and close to it. By studying on 172 microscopic sections, 3 the biozone for Asmari Formation in the section the study was carried out and the section studied given that is: Lepidocyclina – Operculina – Ditrupa assemblage zone. Archaias asmaricus – Archaias hensoni – Miogypsinoides complanatus assemblage zone. Indeterminate zone. According to the study of benthic foraminifera and biozones, the cut off age is from the late Oligocene (Rupelian-Chattian) to the early Miocene (Aquitanian). Microfacies studies led to identify 10 microfacies and 4 subfacial belonging to the open marine and lagoon (semi-closed and enclosed) environments, which includes the external, intermediate, and interior parts of a hemocalinal ramp. Manuscript profile

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13 - Biostratigraphy of Dariyan Formation in Lar Anticline (north east Gachsaran) and Lower Cretaceous sediments in Kolah Ghazi section (South west Isfahan)
Mahdie Shirzad Hosyen Vaziri moghadam Ali Bahrami

In order to identify foraminifera and determine the age of Dariyan Formation and the lower Cretaceous sediments of Central Iran, a section of Dariyan Formation in Lar Anticline (northeast Gachsaran) (with a thickness of 111m, thick, medium and thin layer of limestone, m More

In order to identify foraminifera and determine the age of Dariyan Formation and the lower Cretaceous sediments of Central Iran, a section of Dariyan Formation in Lar Anticline (northeast Gachsaran) (with a thickness of 111m, thick, medium and thin layer of limestone, marl and marly limestone) and Kolah Ghazi section (south west Isfahan) (with a thickness of 260m, thick to medium layer limestone and shale) were studied. Based on biostratigraphic studies of Lar Anticline section, 28 benthonic foraminifera and 4 planktonic foraminifera have been identified in 4 biozones contains: Hedbergellids - Orbitolinids assemblage zone, Mesorbitolina texana zone, Mesorbitolina gr. subconcava zone, Favusella washitensis rang zone. Based on biostratigraphic of Lower Cretaseous sediments in Kuh-e-Kolah Ghazi, 21 benthonic foraminifera and 1 planktonic foraminifera have been identified and consequently 2 biozones are recognized contains: Mesorbitolina texana zone, Mesorbitolina gr. subconcava zonethe studied areas were correlated with some sections of the Dariyan in Kuh-e-Fahliyan, Kuh-e- Mangasht and Meymand. Accordingly, the sedimentation of two studied sections in Lar Anticline and Kuh-e-Kolah Ghazi were started from Late Aptian which were later than the other sections, and the end of sedimentation in the Kuh-e-Kolah Ghazi was earlier than the other sections in the Late Aptian age, while the end of sedimentation of Dariyan Formation in other sections was in Early Albian age Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Biostratigraphy of the Campanian-Maastrichtian deposits of the Gurpi Formation in Chenar anticline, Lorestan Zone and comparison with adjacent areas
Iraj Maghfori-Moghaddam ندا افروزه

In this research, biostratigraphic studies of the Gurpi Formation were carried out at the Chenareh section (Lorestan Zone). The thickness of Gurpi Formation at the studied section is 140 m and consists of limestobe, marly limestone and marl. The Gurpi Formation conforma More

In this research, biostratigraphic studies of the Gurpi Formation were carried out at the Chenareh section (Lorestan Zone). The thickness of Gurpi Formation at the studied section is 140 m and consists of limestobe, marly limestone and marl. The Gurpi Formation conformablely (with significant lithological changes) underlies the white limestones of the Ilam Formation and is covered by the sandstone of the Amiran Formation. On the basis of the recognized planktonic foraminifera, 7 biozone were reported as follows: Globotruncanita elevata Partial range Zone (Early Campanian), Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Zone (Middle to Late Campanian), Radotruncana calcarata Total Range Zone (Late Campanian), Globotruncanella havanensis Partial Range Zone (Late Campanian), Globotruncana aegyptiaca Interval Zone (Late Campanian), Gansserina gansseri Interval Zone (Late Campanian-Early Masstrichtian), Contusotruncana contusa Interval Zone (Late Masstrichtian). In the studied section, the Seymareh and Imam Hassan sections are not observed, unlike other sections in the Lorestan basin. The thickness of this formation in Chenareh anticline is much less than other sections in the adjacent areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Strain and shortening amount analysis in the Asmari anticline, Khuzestan province
Babak Samani Abbas Charchi Narges Khatib

10.61186/ispg.40876.11.22.54

The only outcrop of Asmari formation in the Dezful embayment is visible in the Asmari anticline. In order to estimate the strain parameters and shortening values, 26 geological cross sections were prepared perpendicular to the anticline axis. Based on the, interlimb ang More

The only outcrop of Asmari formation in the Dezful embayment is visible in the Asmari anticline. In order to estimate the strain parameters and shortening values, 26 geological cross sections were prepared perpendicular to the anticline axis. Based on the, interlimb angle measurements, the interlimb angles of the northern and central parts of the anticline show smaller angles than the southern parts. Determination of strain ratio (R) values indicates the strain values between 1.12 - 1.52. The zoning map of strain ratio values shows higher strain values in the northern and central parts of the anticline. Using geological cross sections and measuring the base length of the folded layer of Asmari formation (L0) and the straight length of the layer (L1), the percentage of shortening values were calculated in each section. The results show the occurrence of 1.8% to 12% shortening in different parts of the anticline. Shortening map of the Asmari anticline shows more shortening amounts in the northern and central parts of the anticline than the southern parts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Investigating the geometry and mechanism of folding in Sulabder anticline (SW Iran)
Mehdi Yosefi F. Esfahani Seyd Morteza Moussavi

Calculating the amount of shortening, the angle between ridges, the slope of the main thrust and the percentage of thinning of the front ridge compared to the back ridge in the middle and northwestern parts of Sulabder anticline shows the folding style related to fault More

Calculating the amount of shortening, the angle between ridges, the slope of the main thrust and the percentage of thinning of the front ridge compared to the back ridge in the middle and northwestern parts of Sulabder anticline shows the folding style related to fault propagation in these parts. The calculation of these geometrical parameters in the south-eastern part of the Sulabder anticline also shows the faulted detachment folding style. The change of folding class from 1c to 2 and 3, as well as the change of fold style from detachment folds to fault propagation style, are a sign of increased shortening, deformation progress and evolution of folding from the south-eastern part. This represents that in the initial stage the thrust fault system belongs to the middle and north-western parts, which are in the developed stages of the thrust fault system. The interpretation of seismic sections perpendicular to the Sulabder anticline in different sections shows that the Sulabder anticline in a raised wedge form is higher than the adjacent structures due to the action of the thrust faults on the northern and southern edges. In the Solabdar anticline, the performance and mobile behavior of marl-shale units of Pabdeh and Gurpi formations, due to its high thickness and formable rheology as an intermediate separation horizon, create different folding styles at the top and bottom of this unit. It also caused displacement in the axis of the upper and deeper parts of anticlines. Manuscript profile

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