تجدیدپذیر

Open Access Article

1 - Use of macro-algae as biomass resource for renewable energy production
mehran parsa Maryam Pazoki hassan hoveidi

10.29252/.2.2.1

Energy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-a More

Energy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-algae are cultivated in various regions of the world for various industrial and food usages. Macro-algae are known as a specific resource of alternative for energy production due to their biochemical properties such as high level of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Various biotechnology methods have been developed for energy producing from macro-algae which are divided into two categories: 1) biochemical processes (fermentation, digestion) and 2) thermochemical processes (incineration, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction). Depending on the type of methods, the product are categorized under different phases such as solid, liquid and gas. In this study, we will review the methods and studies on the energy production of different species of macroalgae. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Environmental effects of sustainable energies (Case Study: Solar, Wind and Hydroelectric Energy)
fatemeh ghanbari farham amin share

10.29252/.2.3.41

Increasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some res More

Increasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some research on renewable energy shows that these kind of energy also have undesirable environmental effects. In this study solar energy systems, wind power and hydroelectric power systems wew investigated and their effects on air, soil, sound and effect on wildlife were studied. The results show that although these kind of energy are called clean energy, they have negative environmental effects. This research also suggests ways to prevent the effects of destructive renewable energy sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Remote communication link patterns on the water cycle in the atmosphere in Iran

This research is trying to assess the hydrological cycle and its trend in Iran. It is also tried to study the effect of NAO, AISMR and ONI Tele-connection pattern on the spatial variability of precipitation in Iran. For this purpose, the precipitation and precipitable w More

This research is trying to assess the hydrological cycle and its trend in Iran. It is also tried to study the effect of NAO, AISMR and ONI Tele-connection pattern on the spatial variability of precipitation in Iran. For this purpose, the precipitation and precipitable water data during the 1979 - 2014 were extracted and analyzed from NCEP / NCAR. Then the hydrologic cycle was calculated on the basis of reproducibility time formula. The maps of this cycle across Iran were drawn. The analysis shows some region like Southwest Caspian Sea, Kermanshah, Lorestan have had the short hydrological cycles (5.5 to 11.5 years) due to the topographic and neighborhood effect. The longest hydrological cycle (98.30 to 141.17-year) have happened in the East and South of Sistan and Baluchestan. In the South East of Iran, AISMR has negative correlation (sig< 0.01) with the hydrologic cycle. The negative phase of the NAO in the middle of the Iran caused shortening the hydrological cycle. Spring ONI has negative correlation (sig< 0.05) with the hydrologic cycle in the North-East and South-East and hydrological cycle in the West has negative correlation (sig< 0.05) with autumn and spring ONI. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - An Investigation on the Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources in the Generation Expansion Planning Framework from Social Welfare Perspective
H. Sadeghi M. Rashidinejad A. Abdollahi

Nowadays, it is clear to everyone that climate change has posed a huge threat to human welfare. Hence, the growth of demand for electricity as well as the dependence of power sector to the fossil fuel sources has converted the electrical energy sector into one of the mo More

Nowadays, it is clear to everyone that climate change has posed a huge threat to human welfare. Hence, the growth of demand for electricity as well as the dependence of power sector to the fossil fuel sources has converted the electrical energy sector into one of the most important areas suitable for applying the restrictions and implementation of the solutions provided to mitigate greenhouse gases. Enacting different incentive-based support schemes pursuing the promotion of renewable energy sources along with emission reduction in power generation sector is treated as one the main provided solutions. In this paper, from various points of view, such as environmental issues, power sector investors’ profit and the surplus of electricity consumers, the effect of renewable penetration rate growth under implementation of incentive-based policies is evaluated in a long-term generation expansion planning framework by employing the concept of Bergson-Samuelson social welfare function. To achieve this aim, first, a comprehensive generation expansion planning model, faced by a generation company, is proposed, as the effect of one on the most popular policies, namely emission trading system, is incorporated into the model. As a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, the model is solved through two different scenarios using the GMAS optimization package. Then, regarding the obtained optimized expansion strategies, aforementioned viewpoints are assessed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Optimal Economic Scheduling of Islanding Microgrid Considering Renewable Energy Sources (Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic System), Battery and Hydrogen Storage System in the Presence of the Demand Response Program
A. Mehdizadeh N. Taghizadegan

Microgrid (MG) supplied its local load with distributed energy resources at the low voltage system in distribution networks. Microgrid can be used in parts that are not allowed access to the electricity network with low investment cost. The used islanding MG in this res More

Microgrid (MG) supplied its local load with distributed energy resources at the low voltage system in distribution networks. Microgrid can be used in parts that are not allowed access to the electricity network with low investment cost. The used islanding MG in this research includes wind turbine and photovoltaic systems as renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage system (HSS). This paper proposes a new energy management strategy (EMS) for MG in the presence of the HSS considering the power uncertainties of renewable energy sources. The objective of proposed EMS is to minimize the operating costs of batteries, HSS and the costs associated with excess and undelivered energy considering the supplied load constraints. The considered technical constraints in this paper contain renewable energy sources limits and battery and HSS constraints. HSS includes electrolyzer (EL), hydrogen tanks and fuel cell (FC). Demand response program (DRP) is used to flat the load curve and optimal operation of MG. The proposed model on a MG is been implemented in GAMS software. The simulation results show that the operation cost of MG reduced by using of HSS and DRP. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Optimal Sitting and Sizing of Renewable Energy Sources and Charging Stations Simultaneously Based on Improved GA-PSO Algorithm
M. Rezaei Mozafar M. Rezaei Mozafar

Due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV) load demand, large scale penetration of these resources in the power systems can stress the reliable network performance, such as reducing power quality, increasing power losses, a More

Due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV) load demand, large scale penetration of these resources in the power systems can stress the reliable network performance, such as reducing power quality, increasing power losses, and voltage deviations. These challenges must be minimized by optimal planning based on the variable output from RES to meet the additional demand caused by EV charging. In this paper, a novel method for optimal locating and sizing of RES and EV charging stations simultaneously and managing vehicle charging process is provided. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to obtain objective variables in order to reduce power losses, voltage fluctuations, charging and demand supplying costs, and EV battery cost. In this optimization problem, the location and capacity of RES and EV charging stations are the objective variables. Coefficients which are dependent on wind speed, solar radiation, and hourly peak demand ratio for the management of the EV charging pattern in low load hours are introduced. GA-PSO hybrid improved optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem in five different scenarios. The performance of the proposed method on IEEE 33-bus system has been investigated to validate the effectiveness of the novel GA-PSO method to optimal sitting and sizing of RES and EV charging stations simultaneously Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Optimal Operation of AC Microgrid in the Presence of Plug-in Electric Vehicles under Demand Side Managemen
A. Mehdizadeh N. Taghizadegan J. Salehi

In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this pa More

In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this paper proposes optimal operation of AC microgrid in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles under demand side management. The proposed model describes optimal operation of microgrid including the exchange power with the upstream grid, the production of DG units including wind turbines, battery storage, diesel generators, charging and discharging of electric vehicles and the manner of participation of large industrial consumers and aggregators of small consumers in demand side management that minimize the operation cost of microgrid. The proposed formulation is considered the mathematical model of various energy sources in a microgrid and the AC load flow constraints and the bus voltage and feeder current limitations has been considered.In the proposed model, charge and discharge management of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management are simultaneously proposed to reduce operation cost of AC microgrid subject to technical and economic constraints. A 33-bus microgrid is used as test system in order to investigate effects of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management on optimal operation of AC microgrid. The proposed model is formulated via mixed-integer non-linear programming which is solved using CPLEX solver under GAMS optimization software. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A New Multiport DC-DC Converter Based on T-Source for PV-Battery Applications
saber zare A. Rajaei M. R. Kheyrati Mohammad Mardaneh

A new structure of multi-port DC-DC converter is proposed which is based on T-Source converter. It can be used for hybrid renewable energy applications. Two input ports includes a solar panel and battery. The main advantages of the converter are including; high voltag More

A new structure of multi-port DC-DC converter is proposed which is based on T-Source converter. It can be used for hybrid renewable energy applications. Two input ports includes a solar panel and battery. The main advantages of the converter are including; high voltage gain, continuous input current, independent mode operation of input ports, and high efficiency. Different switching modes are discussed in the relations for steady state operation of the converter are derived. A prototype of the converter is provided and several tests are performed which validates the simulations and theoretical predictions of the converter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigation and Analysis of a Soft Switching Multi-Input Converter for Renewable Energy Sources
B. Mazaheri Tehrani M. Khorram Dashti B. Raeisi احسان اديب

Renewable energy sources cannot provide load power continuously which is an important challenge in applying these sources. Therefore, usually several renewable sources; such as, solar cells and fuel cells are applied simultaneously. A converter can be applied for each s More

Renewable energy sources cannot provide load power continuously which is an important challenge in applying these sources. Therefore, usually several renewable sources; such as, solar cells and fuel cells are applied simultaneously. A converter can be applied for each source which results in high implementation cost. Therefore, multi input converters are used to reduce cost and volume of the system. In this paper, a new soft switching multi input converter is proposed. In this converter by applying one additional switch, soft switching is achieved for all main switches. The proposed converter is analyzed and design considerations are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Preventive and Probabilistic-Possibilistic Scheduling of Microgrid against the Natural Phenomena in the Presence of Electric Vehicles
Amirhossein Nasri A. Abdollahi M. Rashidinejad

This paper proposes a preventive and probabilistic–possibilistic framework for day-ahead scheduling of Electric Vehicles (EVs) parking lot and distributed generation in a microgrid. The suggested scheduling is performed in normal and emergency conditions when a natural More

This paper proposes a preventive and probabilistic–possibilistic framework for day-ahead scheduling of Electric Vehicles (EVs) parking lot and distributed generation in a microgrid. The suggested scheduling is performed in normal and emergency conditions when a natural phenomenon appears and the microgrid is disconnected from the upstream network. Furthermore, the uncertainty of EVs number in a parking lot is considered by Z-number as a probabilistic-possibilistic model. Moreover, the uncertainties of photovoltaic units generation, wind turbine output power, market price, and load demand are modeled by Monte Carlo as a probabilistic method. Furthermore, natural phenomena occurrences are modeled by considering multifarious scenarios according to when the phenomenon unfolds and how much it takes. In the suggested framework, the operation of parking lots is based on the uncertainty and EVs charging/discharging schedule. The operational cost in normal condition and load shedding cost in addition to operational cost are considered as the objective functions of the proposed structure. To evaluate the performance of the suggested structure, the modified 33-bus IEEE distribution network is employed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Optimal Placement of Energy Storage Systems Taking into Account the Uncertainties of Renewable Energy Generation, Load and Electricity Prices
NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Yousef Fonooni Morteza Ahangari Hassas

One of the main goals of distribution network operators is to reduce the cost of operating the network and improve profit. In this paper, the problem of siting and determining the size of energy storage batteries are studied. The constituent components of the objective More

One of the main goals of distribution network operators is to reduce the cost of operating the network and improve profit. In this paper, the problem of siting and determining the size of energy storage batteries are studied. The constituent components of the objective function of the placement problem include the profit from the operation of the distributed generation unit, the profit from the reduction of grid power losses, the cost of installing an energy storage system, and the profit from the reduction of energy purchased from the upstream network. The model used for positioning is based on the probabilistic behavior of solar radiation, energy consumers, and electricity market operators. To model the stochastic nature of the output power of solar power plants, the probability density function has been used, and to model the load and price of electricity, the scenario method has been used. The simulations were performed using MATLAB software. The proposed method can manage the generation of solar power plants using the siting and management of charge and discharge of batteries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A Two-Step Stochastic Linear Programming Approach for Microgrid Resources and Energy Storage Management with Real-Time Pricing Program Using Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Mohsen Sarami مجيد معظمي غضنفر شاهقلیان

Integrating renewable resources to provide local load has created a concept called microgrid. With the widespread introduction of microgrids, energy management and system utilization and resources in the electricity market are important tasks of microgrid management. In More

Integrating renewable resources to provide local load has created a concept called microgrid. With the widespread introduction of microgrids, energy management and system utilization and resources in the electricity market are important tasks of microgrid management. In this paper, the problem of microgrid utilization is modeled taking into account economic, technical and uncertainties related to power consumption, wind speed and solar radiation in electricity market conditions. One of the most important issues in the electricity market is the discussion of the participation of units in real price conditions. In this paper, a framework for the exploitation of electricity and the consumption of controllable loads through integrated utilization of distributed energy sources of uncertainty is presented from a consumer perspective. The optimization problem is a two-step stochastic linear programming that minimized the cost of microgrid operation and expected cost of consumers considering the consumer’s requirement for controllable loads in the desire time interval and distribution company constraints that solved by using Salp swarm optimization algorithm. RBT and IBR tariffs are employed for modeling retail power market for better reflection of wholesale price volatility and avoid of the concurrent use of consumers. In this method price announced to the consumers by retailers only is limited specific later hours instead of the entire operation period. In this condition any timing of controllable loads need to price forecasting, while this forecasting have some uncertainties. These uncertainties are modeled using Monte Carlo method for stochastic price variable scenario generation. MATLAB software is employed for simulation and verification of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Multi-Objective Economic-Environment Scheduling of Microgrids in the Presence of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Demand Response to Smooth the Distribution Nodal Prices
ali mirzaei NAVID TAGHIZADEGAN KALANTARI Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh

Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper int More

Today, with the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles in microgrids, electricity supply, environmental issues, and rescheduling are among the challenges of microgrids that must be solved and suitable solutions provided. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new multi-objective optimization model, which in the first objective, minimizes the total operation cost of the microgrid, and in the second objective, improves the reliability index by reducing the amount of energy not supplied. Due to these two objectives, a multi-objective evolutionary seagull optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal global solutions. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles and demand response programs are used to smooth out distribution nodal prices and reduce CO2 emissions. The 69-bus distribution network has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

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