Effects of different levels of Ajowan Trachyspermum ammi as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens
Subject Areas : Environmental impact assessmentali Reyan Mohasesi 1 , Hasan Darmani Koohi 2 , Reza Naseri Harsini 3 , Hamed Kioumarsi 4
1 -
2 -
3 - Animal Science Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
4 - بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
Keywords: Broiler, Carcass Characteristics Ajowan seed, Performance, Blood parameters,
Abstract :
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered dried aerial parts of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds on the performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. In this experiment one hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 10 birds each). The experimental treatments included: 1) control group (without additive2) basal diet + 0.2% Ajowan powder, 3) basal diet + 0.4% Ajowan powder, and 4) basal diet + 0.6% Ajowan powder. Results showed that the levels of 0.2 and 0.4 % had no significant effect on daily weight gain, food intake and feed efficiency. Except for carcass weight, Ajowan had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. For blood parameters, the effects of Ajowan, in most cases, were non-significant. In contrast, plasma LDL and cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly with increasing levels of Ajowan powder. According to the obtained results, based on maintaining the bird's performance at the same levels as the control group and on the other hand improving the pattern of blood lipid metabolites, it can be said that Ajowan can be a good alternative to the growth-promoting antibiotic to improve health and solve the environmental problems in this area.
آبرومند آذر، پرویز؛ متقيان¬پور، زهرا؛ شريفان، انوشه؛ لاريجاني، کامبیز (1389). بررسی اثر روش استخراج بر ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس گیاه زنیان. علوم غذايي و تغذیه، 7(2)، 18-10.
تیموری زاده، زریر؛ رحیمی، شعبان؛ کریمی ترشیزی، محمد امیر؛ امیدبیگی، رضا (1389). مقایسه اثر عصاره های آویشن باغی، سرخارگل و آنتی¬بیوتیک ویرجینامایسن بر عملکرد رشد و خصوصیات لاشه جوجه¬های گوشتی. فصنامه علمی پژوهشی گیاهان دارویی معطر ایران، 256(2)، 252-264.
ساغری، س. (1393). مقایسه انعقاد، فیلترهای غشایی و جاذب¬های مورد استفاده برای تصفیه فاضلاب آلوده شده با آنتی-بیوتیک. پایان نامه مقطع کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه خواجه نصیر.
نوبخت، علی؛ رحیم¬زاده، محمد رضا؛ مهمان¬نواز، يلدا (1389). بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف مخلوط گیاهان دارویی گزنه، پونه و کاکوتی در مراحل آغازین و رشد بر عملکرد و کیفیت لاشه‌ي جوجه‌هاي گوشتی، مجموعه مقالات چهارمين كنگره علوم دامي كشور، (صص 218-223). کرج، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
شیره¬جینی، زهرا؛ شکوری، محمد؛ میرزائی، فرید؛ باقري، محمد رضا (1389). تأثیر عصاره آویشن کوهی در جیره حاوي گندم بر فراسنجه هاي لیپیدي سرم خون و چربی حفره بطنی جوجه¬هاي گوشتی جوان. مجموعه مقالات چهارمين كنگره علوم دامي كشور، (صص 374-379). کرج، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
Aktug, S. E., & Karapikar, M. (1987). Inhibition of food borne pathogens by thymol, eugenol, menthol and ethanol. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 4, 161-166.
Ali, M. N., Hassan, M. S., & El-Ghany, F. A. A. (2007). Effect of strain, type of natural antioxidant and sulphate ion on productive, physiological and hatching performance of native laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6, 539-554.
Alitaneh, S., Afzali, N., Sarir, H., & Naeimi Pour, H. (2016). Screening for effects of different levels of ajowan (Carum copticum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds on performance and carcass characteristics of Ross broiler chickens. Research on Animal Production, 7(14), 32-21.
Al-Kassie, G. A. M. (2009). Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakestanian Veterinary Journal, 29, 169-173.
AOAC. (1990). Official methods of analysis, 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. pp: 931–932.
Bozkurt, M., Alcicek, A., Cabuk, M., Kucukyilmaz, K., & Catli, A. U. (2009). Effect of an herbal essential oil mixture on growth, laying traits, and egg hatching characteristics of broiler breeders. Poultry Science, 88, 2368–2374.
Duque, A. S., Ferreira, A. F., Cezario, R. C., & Gontijo Filho, P. P. (2007). Nosocomial infections in two hospitals in Uberlandia, Brazilian Revista Panam Infectol, 9(4), 14-18.
Gilliland, S., & Walker, D. (1990). Factors to consider when selecting a culture of lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans, Journal of Dairy Science, 73, 905-911
Greathead, H. (2003). Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Cambrige Core, 62: 279-290.
Helander, I. M., Alakomi, H. L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, T., Pol, I., Smid, E. J., Gorris, L. G. M., & Von Wright, A. (1998). Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on gram negative bacteria, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 3590-3595.
Hernandez, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J., & Megias, M. D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility and digestive organ size, Poultry Science, 83, 169-174.
Katan, B., Grundy, M., Jones, S. M., Law, P., Miettinen, M., & Paolettir, T. (2008). Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels, Mayo Clinical Process Journal, 78, 965-978.
Khan, R. U., Naz, S., Javdani, M., Nikousefat, Z., Selvaggi, M., & Tufarelli, V. (2012). The use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in poultry feed. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 68 (1), 97–103.
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Kappert, H. J., Yeom, K. H., & Beynen. A. C. (2003). Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler Chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12, 394–399.
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., & Beynen, A. C. (2004). Essential oils in broiler Nutrition, International Journal of Poultry Science, 3, 738-752.
Luna, A., Labaque, M. C., Zygadlo, J. A., & Marin, R. H. (2010). Effects of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat, Poultry Science, 89, 366-370.
Mompelet, S., Le Bot, B., & Thomas, O. (2019). Occurrence and fate of pharamaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water, Environment International, 35, 803-814.
National Research Council, 1994: Nutrient Requirements for Poultry, 9th rev, ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Ocak, N., Erener, G., Ak, F. B., Sungu, M., Altop, A., & Ozmen, A. (2008). Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves as growth promotersource. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 53, 169–175.
Qureshi, A. A., Mangels, W. R., Din, Z. Z., & Elson, C. E. (1988). Inhibition of hepatic mevalonate biosynthesis by the monoterpene, d-limonene, Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 36, 1220-1224.
Platel, K., & Stinivasan, K. (2010). Influence of dietary spices or their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats, Nahrung, 44, 42-46.
Portugal, L., Goncalves, J., Fernandes, L., Silva, H., Arantes, V., Nicoli, J., Vieira, L., & Alvarez-Leite, J. (2006). Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on cholesterol metabolism in germ-free mice and on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E knock-out mice, Brazilian Journal of Medicine Biology Research, 39, 629-635.
Safidkan, F., Sadighzadeh, L., & Taymori, M. (2006). The study of antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Satureia hortensis, Journal of Medical Plants, 23, 174-182.
Samadian, F., Zeinoaldini, S., Towhidi, A., Karimi Torshizi, M. A., Ansari-Pirasarei, Z. & Gholamzadeh, P. (2013). Evaluation of some phytogenic feed additives in growing chicks diet, International Journal of Agriculture, 3(1), 35-43.
SAS Institute, 1996. SAS Users guide : Statistics. Version 6.12. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC.
Sarica, S., Ciftica, A., Kilinc, K., & Yildirim, Y. (2005). Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without expgenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets, South African Journal of Animal Science, 35 (1), 37-46.
Thakar, N. M., Chairmam, D. M., McElroy, A. R., Novak, C. L., & Link, R. L. (2014). Pharmacological screening of some medicinal plants as antimicrobial and feed additives. Msc Thesis. Department of Animal Science. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virgina USA. 73P.
Wallace R J, 2015. Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proc Nutr Soc, 63: 621-629.
