Measuring the Architectural Design Components of a Cultural-Artistic Hangout based on the Interaction of Female Artists and Citizens (Study Area: Women and Family Park in Dezful City)
Subject Areas : Neighborhood studies in Iranian Islamic cities
Maryam Harbian
1
,
Kourosh Momeni
2
,
Maede Moghadam
3
1 - M.A. of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planing, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
3 - Ph.D. student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planing, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
Keywords: Cultural and artistic hangout, social interactions, female artists, Participatory design, family and women's park in Dezful city,
Abstract :
Measuring the Architectural Design Components of a Cultural-Artistic
Hangout based on the Interaction of Female Artists and Citizens
(Study Area: Women and Family Park in Dezful City)
Maryam Harbiyan*
Kourosh Momeni **
Maede Moghadam ***
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, social connections are one of the basic human needs, and if they are reduced, the health of society will be affected. One way to meet this human need is through communal spaces such as urban hangouts. Urban hangouts are important not only from an economic perspective but also from a cultural and social perspective. Today, there is a great need for such urban spaces and architectural structures that can meet the needs of today's people and become a lasting space that creates a sense of belonging and peace. On the other hand, for the activities of artists, especially in the field of handicrafts, the existence of a collective space for communication between artists and citizens is essential. In order to investigate the architectural components that affect the increase in social interactions, a study was conducted in the women's and family park in Dezful city. For this purpose, using descriptive-analytical and survey methods and distributing 278 targeted questionnaires, the attitudes of female artists and citizens of Dezful city about the architectural components of an effective cultural and artistic hangout to increase social interactions were collected. In this regard, the validity of the questionnaire designed by experts and university professors was confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 8/75. Then, it was analyzed using SPSS26 software and inferential statistics tests. The findings and results of this research indicate that the four priority components of climate, activity, culture, and physical play a prominent role in this matter. Also, the cultural component is more related to other components. How to establish a meaningful connection between the opinions of artists and citizens about architectural components that influence increasing social interactions is one of the most important results of this research.
Introduction
In addition to interpersonal dynamics, the existence of social connections also leads to physical and mental health. (Shojai and Dolabi, 2015).Humans ensured their health through social participation and physical activity. (Jennings & Bamkole, 2019) But now, with the neglect of public spaces, disregard for social and cultural values, disregard for communication and walking routes(Narvaez & Griffiths, 2012), and the tendency towards a car-based life, urban spaces have lost their utility.( Asadpour and et al,2024)With the presence of people in urban spaces, the role of these spaces will become more prominent and their sociability will increase.( Shojaei and Partoi, 2015)A suitable cultural-artistic hangout that can respond to people's social desires and, with purposeful design, can move the audience through the space.( Kwon & Sailer, 2015) And create a space that, in addition to increasing communication, strengthens and preserves cultural and artistic works, can increase social interactions between artists and citizens. In this regard, the main question of the research is: What are the determinants of social interactions between female artists and citizens for prediction in the design of cultural-artistic hangouts?
Research Method
The present study is formed from two major concepts of social interactions and urban public space called cultural-artistic hangout. Among the studies that moved in this direction, the following can be mentioned:
In their study titled “Identifying unsafe public spaces in urban neighborhoods and redesigning them with an approach to improving environmental security,” Hamafar and Sasansara (2014) examined the conditions of neighborhoods and urban spaces, and as a result, identified the most harmful cases and provided solutions for improvement.
Pourabedini et al. (2014) in their study titled “Analysis of the social logic governing the spatial structure of the historical-cultural context of the neighborhoods of Boshravieh in the Qajar period with a spatial syntax approach” state that the elements constituting the physical structure of the neighborhoods of Boshravieh in the Qajar period were formed in order to meet the needs of the neighborhood residents and to preserve and strengthen their cultural-social identity.
Ramezani et al. (1403) in their study titled “Contexts and Factors Related to the Quality of Urban Life in District One Neighborhoods of Tehran: Application of a Multilevel Model” state that the feeling of social security has a significant relationship with the dependent variable, namely the quality of urban life.
A study of the research background shows that paying attention to the design of spaces based on social interactions is a fundamental approach and is of interest to designers. However, it is still limited to a specific field or, in some cases, is a general survey without detailed statistical analysis. What is of interest in this research is a comprehensive survey and the provision of an appropriate and flexible model for the design of collective spaces.
In this research, descriptive-analytical and survey methods have been used. The theoretical foundations of the research have been collected through library studies and reference to authoritative documents such as books and scientific journals, and through survey methods through questionnaires. A questionnaire with 53 questions was designed in four sections. The questionnaire was distributed in the women's and family park in Dezful city.Considering that about 1000 people visit this park daily, the sample size was considered to be 278 people according to the Cochran formula and Morgan table. Using the stratified probability sampling method, the sample population consisted of 40 artists, 6 professors from the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning visiting the park, and 232 citizens of Dezful. Also, interviews were conducted with female artists active in this park. The responses were analyzed in SPSS26 software with descriptive and inferential tests and by analyzing graphs and tables. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors and the reliability of the questionnaire was 8.75 according to Cronbach's alpha in SPSS software.
Results
Table 1- Spearman correlation between components
|
Spearman correlation |
Physical component |
Climatic component |
Activity component |
Cultural component |
|
|
Physical component |
Correlation coefficient |
|
0/291 |
0/508 |
0/664 |
|
Sig |
0/000 |
0/000 |
0/000 |
||
|
Climatic component |
Correlation coefficient |
0/291 |
|
0/296 |
0/338 |
|
Sig |
0/000 |
0/000 |
0/000 |
||
|
Activity component |
Correlation coefficient |
0/508 |
0/296 |
|
0/552 |
|
Sig |
0/000 |
0/000 |
0/000 |
||
|
Cultural component |
Correlation coefficient |
0/664 |
0/338 |
0/552 |
|
|
Sig |
0/000 |
0/000 |
0/000 |
||
Table 2- Friedman test between components
|
criterion |
rank |
Average |
|
Climatic component |
1 |
1/01 |
|
Activity component |
2 |
2/05 |
|
Cultural component |
3 |
2/95 |
|
Physical component |
4 |
4/00 |
.
Figure 1 - Friedman test of the most significant sub-criteria
Table 3- Results of Spearman's correlation test
(the most significant sub-criterion in the physical component)
|
|
criterion |
artists |
Citizen |
women |
men |
|
Physical component |
Body |
Pause space - semi-open space |
Quality of materials - geometric elements |
Pause space - semi-open space. |
Semi-open space - quality and type of materials |
|
Correlation coefficient 0/480 |
Correlation coefficient 0/515 |
Correlation coefficient 0/493 |
Correlation coefficient 0/571 |
||
|
Function |
Creative space - security. |
Flexibility - creative space |
Readability - green space |
Creative space - flexibility |
|
|
Correlation coefficient 0/567 |
Correlation coefficient 0/450 |
Correlation coefficient 0/401 |
Correlation coefficient 0/540 |
||
|
Service |
There is no connection |
Welfare service space - technology. |
Welfare service space - technology. |
Welfare service space - technology. |
|
|
Correlation coefficient 0/482 |
Correlation coefficient 0/235 |
Correlation coefficient 0/629 |
Discussion and Conclusion
This research has come up with a proposed model for designing a cultural and artistic hangout based on the relationship between the artist and the citizens. Although this study was conducted in a specific location, given the nature of the research and the use of statistical analysis, it can be used as a model for designing cultural hangouts.
Based on the research findings, the following suggestions are made:
- Designing the space body in the form of a form with a central rule, combining open and semi-open spaces, and minimal use of completely closed spaces.
- Using elements reminiscent of the city's identity and history, in the sample under study: a design reminiscent of the streets, using bricks.
- Creating a mixed space of diverse uses to attract the audience to the main use center and instill a sense of security considering the key presence of women in the space.
- Considering climatic conditions, in the sample under study: using tree filters and water atmosphere to improve conditions in hot seasons.
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* M.A. of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planing, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3398-8902
** Corresponding Author: Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-3571
*** Ph.D. student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planing, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
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