Multi-Level Ternary Quantization for Improving Sparsity and Computation in Embedded Deep Neural Networks
Subject Areas : AI and Robotics
Hosna Manavi Mofrad
1
,
ali ansarmohammadi
2
,
Mostafa Salehi
3
1 - student
2 - PHD. student, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Irann
3 - University of Tehran
Keywords: Deep Neural Networks, Multi-Level Ternary Quantization, Sparse Neural Network, Pruning, Embedded Devices,
Abstract :
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great interest due to their success in various applications. However, the computation complexity and memory size are considered to be the main obstacles for implementing such models on embedded devices with limited memory and computational resources. Network compression techniques can overcome these challenges. Quantization and pruning methods are the most important compression techniques among them. One of the famous quantization methods in DNNs is the multi-level binary quantization, which not only exploits simple bit-wise logical operations, but also reduces the accuracy gap between binary neural networks and full precision DNNs. Since, multi-level binary can’t represent the zero value, this quantization does not take advantage of sparsity. On the other hand, it has been shown that DNNs are sparse, and by pruning the parameters of the DNNs, the amount of data storage in memory is reduced while computation speedup is also achieved. In this paper, we propose a pruning and quantization-aware training method for multi-level ternary quantization that takes advantage of both multi-level quantization and data sparsity. In addition to increasing the accuracy of the network compared to the binary multi-level networks, it gives the network the ability to be sparse. To save memory size and computation complexity, we increase the sparsity in the quantized network by pruning until the accuracy loss is negligible. The results show that the potential speedup of computation for our model at the bit and word-level sparsity can be increased by 15x and 45x compared to the basic multi-level binary networks.
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