Recycling of Waste Tires
Subject Areas :
1 - Sahand University of Technology
Keywords: Tire, Recycling, Rubber,
Abstract :
Waste tires are the main source of waste rubbers. Their recycling raises environmental concerns due to the high volume of production as well as a very crosslinked and non-biodegradable structure. This leads to finding easy, low-cost, and energy-efficient methods for recycling waste tires. To now, many studies have been devoted to the improvement of conventional recycling methods and the introduction of new ones for the management of waste tires. Methods for recycling waste tires include retreading, incineration, pyrolysis, and grinding. The lifetime of a tire can be extended using the retreading process, in which the old tread is removed and a new one is inserted. The produced energy from the incineration of the waste tire can be used as a fuel source for steam, electrical energy, paper paste, paper, lime, and steel production. In the pyrolysis process, oil, gas, and char are produced through thermal decomposition. The main method of waste tire recycling is grinding for the incorporation of produced particles in the polymer matrices. The ambient and cryogenic grinding are the most conventional methods for grinding waste tires. The size reduction results in a higher specific area and better distribution of rubber particles in the matrix. The produced particles can be used as fillers in asphalt, concrete and glassy polymers.
1. Fazli A., Rodrigue D., Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (Gtr)/Rubber Compounds: A Review, Journal of Composite Science, 4, 103, 2020.
2. Formela K., Sustainable Development of Waste Tires Recycling Technologies – Recent Advances, Challenges and Future Trends, Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 4, 209-222, 2021.
3. Siddika A., Mamun M. A. A., Alyousef R., Amran Y. H. M., Aslani F., Alabduljabbar H., Properties and Utilizations of Waste Tire Rubber in Concrete: A Review, Construction and Building Materials, 224, 711–731, 2019.
4. Formela K., Waste Tire Rubber-Based Materials: Processing, Performance Properties and Development Strategies, Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 5, 234-247, 2022.
5. Lapkovskis V., Mironovs V., Kasperovich A., Myadelets V., Goljandin D., Crumb Rubber as a Secondary Raw Material from Waste Rubber: A Short Review of End-of-Life Mechanical Processing Methods, Recycling, 5, 1-20, 2020.
6. Archibong F. N., Sanusi O. M., Médéric P., Hocine N. A., An Overview on the Recycling of Waste Ground Tyre Rubbers in Thermoplastic Matrices: Effect of Added Fillers, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 175, 105894, 2021.
7. Li J., Chen Z., Xiao F., Amirkhanian S. N., Surface Activation of Scrap Tire Crumb Rubber to Improve Compatibility of Rubberized Asphalt, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 169, 105518, 2021.
8. Liang H., Gagné J. D., Faye A., Rodrigue D., Brisson J., Ground Tire Rubber (Gtr) Surface Modification Using Thiol-Ene Click Reaction: Polystyrene Grafting to Modify a Gtr/Polystyrene (Ps) Blend, Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology, 36, 1-21, 2019.
9. Bockstal L., Berchem T., Schmetz Q., Richel A., Devulcanisation and Reclaiming of Tires and Rubber by Physical and Chemical Processes: A Review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117574, 2019.
10. The Science and Technology of Rubber, Fourth ed.; Academic Press, USA, 2013.
11. Karger-Kocsis, Mészáros L., Bárány T., Ground Tyre Rubber (Gtr) in Thermoplastics, Thermosets and Rubbers, Journal of Materials Science, 48, 1-38, 2013.
12. Fernández A., Barriocanal C., Alvarez R., Pyrolysis of a Waste from the Grinding of Scrap Tyres, Journal of Hazardous materials, 203, 236–243, 2012.
13. Najim K. B., Hall M. R., A Review of the Fresh/Hardened Properties and Applications for Plain- (Prc) and Self-Compacting Rubberised Concrete (Scrc), Construction and Building Materials, 24, 2043–2051, 2010.
14. Cetin A., Effects of Crumb Rubber Size and Concentration on Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixtures, International Journal of Polymer Science, 2013, 1-10, 2013.
15. Zebala J., Ciepka P., Reza A., Janczur R., Influence of Rubber Compound and Tread Pattern of Retreaded Tyres on Vehicle Active Safety, Forensic Science International, 167, 173–180, 2007.