Investigating the effective factors on innovation and knowledge production in selected European countries to reform the policy making structure in Iran
Subject Areas :َAsrin Rahmani 1 , 2 , Mohamad Sharif Karimi 3
1 - Phd Student
2 -
3 - Assistant Professor
Keywords: Keywords: Research and Development, Innovation, Education Expenditures, ICT. ,
Abstract :
In the model of Knowledge-Based production, knowledge and innovation are the most important factors of production; therefore, knowledge and innovation are the main keys to economic growth and development. The process of production of knowledge and innovation require groundwork making; This paper examines the effect of three factors, research and development expenditures, and education expenditures also the infrastructure of information and communication technology, on the production of knowledge and innovation. The purpose is to identify the path to realization of the knowledge-based economy in order to policy making for its realization in the Iranian economy. The extent of patents is considered as an indicator for producing knowledge and innovation. The countries under this study are 23 OECD member selected countries. For modeling, panel data method in Eviews software is used. Finding a positive and meaningful relationship between the three variables of research and development expenditure, training and technology infrastructure with the amount of patents, is the result of this research. The results of the calculations show that these three factors are very important in the process of producing knowledge and innovation, such that the lack of attention to them will actually lead the production of knowledge and innovation to the serious obstacles. Also, the comparison between the descriptive charts of the data for these three variables for Iran and the selected countries suggests that it would not be desirable in Iran.
- تارو، لستر کارل (1383). تولید ثروت. مترجم آزاده بیداربخت. انتشارات هرمس.
- جهانگرد، اسفنديار، (1385). اقتصاد فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات. چاپ اول. تهران شرکت چاپ و نشر بازرگاني.
- معمارنژاد. عباس، شهنازي. روح‌الله، (1384). «بررسي مباني و شاخص‌هاي اقتصاد دانايي محور و جايگاه آن در کشورهاي منتخب در مقايسه با ايران». پژوهشنامۀ اقتصادي. 175-143.
- دادگر, یداله, یزدانی, مهدی, خوئینی, پریسا. (1398). بررسی و شناسایی متغیرهای مؤثر بر تحقق اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان در ایران و کشورهای منتخب در افق2050. بررسی مسائل اقتصاد ایران, 6(1), 101-120. doi: 10.30465/ce.2019.4920
- شاکری، ع.، و ابراهیمی سالاری، ت. (1388). اثر مخارج تحقیق و توسعه بر اختراعات و رشد اقتصادی (تحلیل مقایسه ای بین کشورهای در حال توسعه و توسعه یافته). دانش و توسعه, 16(29), 88-125. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=142268
- قائد, ابراهیم, حیدری, حسن, رحیم دل گل تپه, مهدیه. (1399). بررسی اثرهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی و مخارج عمومی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی کشورهای منتخب منا. نشریه علمی مدیریت اطلاعات, 6(1), 58-84. doi: 10.22034/aimj.2020.119802
- قربانی، م.، و احمدی شادمهری، م.، و مصطفوی، س. (1393). بررسی اثر زیرساخت ها بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی سال های 1391-1355. پژوهش های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی, 5(1 (پیاپی 17)), 49-60. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=229320
- Ahmed, E. M. (2017). ICT and human capital spillover effects in achieving sustainable East Asian knowledge-based economies. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(3), 1086-1112.
- Amirat, A., & Zaidi, M. (2020). Estimating GDP growth in Saudi Arabia under the government’s vision 2030: a knowledge-based economy approach. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(3), 1145-1170.
- Asian Development Bank, (2014). Innovative Asia: advancing the knowledge-based economy: the next policy agenda: Stock No RPT146801-3.
- Bilbao‐Osorio, B., & Rodríguez‐Pose, A. (2004). From R&D to innovation and economic growth in the EU. Growth and Change, 35(4), 434-455.
- Blanco, L. R., Gu, J., & Prieger, J. E. (2016). The Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth and Productivity in the US States. Southern Economic Journal, 82(3), 914-934.
- Criscuolo, C., & Martin, R. (2004). An Emerging Knowledge-Based Economy in China?: Indicators from OECD Databases: OECD Publishing.
- Daiko, T., Demis, H., Gkotsis, P., Squicciarini, M. and Vezzani, A. (2017), World Corporate Top R&D Investors: Industrial Property Strategies in the Digital Economy. A JRC and OECD Common Report. Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union. Downloaded from: https://www.oecd.org/sti/world-toprd- investors.pdf on 30 October 2019.
- Darby, M. R., Liu, Q., & Zucker, L. G. (1999). Stakes and stars: the effect of intellectual human capital on the level and variability of high-tech firms' market values: National bureau of economic research.
- David, P. A., & Foray, D. (1995). Accessing and expanding the science and technology knowledge base.
- Desmet, D., Francis, T., Hu, A., Koller, T. M., & Riedel, G. A. (2000). Valuing dot-coms. The McKinsey Quarterly, 148.
- Gawalt, J. R. (2010). Science and Engineering Indicators: DIANE Publishing Company.
- González, X., Miles, D., & Pazó, C. (2015). R&D, Worker Training, and Innovation: Firm-level evidence. Available at SSRN 2689520.
- Gurmu, S., & Pérez-Sebastián, F. (2008). Patents, R&D and lag effects: evidence from flexible methods for count panel data on manufacturing firms. Empirical Economics, 35(3), 507-526.
- Hall, B. H. (1999). Innovation and market value: National bureau of economic research.
- Houghton, J., & Sheehan, P. (2000). A primer on the knowledge economy.
- Kumar, K. B., & Welsum, D. v. (2013). Knowledge-based economies and basing economies on knowledge: skills a missing link in GCC countries.
- Lundvall, B.-A., & Borrás, S. (2005). Science, technology and innovation policy. The Oxford handbook of innovation, 599-631.
- Majeed, M. T., & Ayub, T. (2018). Information and communication technology (ICT) and economic growth nexus: A comparative global analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 12(2), 443-476.
- Nair, M., Pradhan, R. P., & Arvin, M. B. (2020). Endogenous dynamics between R&D, ICT and economic growth: Empirical evidence from the OECD countries. Technology in Society, 62, 101315.
- OECD. (1996). The Knowledge-based Economy. OECD / STI Outlook, Paris.
- OECD. (1999a). OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 1999.
- OECD (2000). New Economy, A?: The Changing Role of Innovation and Information Technology in Growth: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- Roberts, J. (2009). The global knowledge economy in question. Critical perspectives on international business, 5(4), 285-303.
- Sen, A. (1999). Beyond the crisis : development strategies in Asia / Amartya Sen. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- Soete, L. (1997). Macroeconomic and Structural Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy; National Policy Challenges. OECD Proceedings Industrial Competitiveness in the Knowledge-Based Economy; The New Role of Governments (Paris: OECD, 1997).
- Stiglitz, J. (1999). The Economics of the Knowledge-Driven Economy. Paper presented at the CEPR/DTI Conference, London.
- Sylwester, K. (2001). R&D and economic growth. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 13(4), 71-84.
- Trewin, D. (2002). Measuring a Knowledge-based Economy and Society: An Australian Framework, 2002: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
- Ulku, H. (2004). R&D, innovation, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis: International Monetary Fund.
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), (2017). Global Investments in R&D. UNESCO Institue for Statistics. Fact Sheet No. 42 .
- Vatamanescu, E.M., Nistoreanu, B.G., & Mitan, A. (2017). “Competition and consumer behavior in the context of the digital economy”. Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. 19, No. 45, pp. 354-366.
- Yanyun, Z., & Mingqian, Z. (2004). R&D and Economic Growth. Paper presented at the Seoul Conference on Korea and the world economy III, Seoul, Korea.
- Yeo, Y., & Lee, J. D. (2020). Revitalizing the race between technology and education: Investigating the growth strategy for the knowledge-based economy based on a CGE analysis. Technology in Society, 62, 101295.
