Biostratigraphy, biofacies and CAI of the late Devonian deposits in Kale-Sardar section, North-east Tabas, based on conodont fauna
Subject Areas : Geoscience Fields in relation with Petroleum GeologyMina Ramshini 1 , ٍٍElahe Sattari 2 , Ali Bahrami 3 , Hosyen Vaziri moghadam 4
1 - isfahan university
2 - دانشگاه اصفهان
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
4 - Professor, Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Keywords: Conodonts, Kale-Sardar section, Shishtu Formation, Late Devonian, Frasnian-Famennian boundary.,
Abstract :
Kale-Sardar section, is located at the vicinity of Niaz village, 15 kilometers east of Tabas town. This section consists of 80 m thick and from Late Devonian deposits as known as Shishtu formation that upper part of this section has cut by a fault by Frasnian’s deposits. The entire studied thickness is subdivided into 12 lithostratigraphic units and in order to study of conodont elements, 27 species and subspecies belonging to 7 genera were recognized, that due to these revealed conodont elements, Shishtu formation’s age in the studied section spans from Eifelian to late Frasnian. The Frasnian-Famennian bio event in studied section is located between two intervals linguiformis Zone and Lower to Middle triangularis zones which is located at the top of the dark Frasnian shales and at the base of the thin limestones of the Famennian layer. The microfacies determined in studied section are subdivided into siliciclastic-carbonate and carbonate facies, which were deposited from the shore to the deep part of the marine environment. Gradual changes in facies within stratigraphical sequence, sedimentological hiatus due to sudden change in sedimentary environment’s slope, absence of reef facies (related to Wilson’s 5th facies zone) and presence of discontinuous bioclastic barrier (existence of semi-enclosed lagoon), convey that studied sediments were deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp.
منابع [1] آقانباتي، ع.،1383 ، زمين شناسي ايران، سازمان زمين شناسي و اکتشافات معدني کشور، تهران،568 صفحه.
[2] اقبالي، م.، حمدي، ب.، مجيدي فرد، م.ر.، 1399، بايواستراتيگرافي سازند شيشتو 1 در برش حوض دوراه براساس کنودونت‌ها (جنوب شرقي طبس)، مجله ژوهش هاي دانش زمين، شماره 20، صفحات 143-158.
[3] بيرانوند ب.، 1374 ، پالينوستراتيگرافي و پالئوبيوژئوگرافي رسوبات دونين بالايي شمال خاوري يزد: پايان نامه کارشناسي ارشد، گروه زمين شناسي، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تهران، 150 صفحه.
[4] ستاري، ا.، بهرامي، ع.، وزيري مقدم، ح.، طاهري، ع.ا.، کايسر، س.ا.، کونيگشوف، پ.، 1399 ، زيست چينه نگاري، زيست رخساره¬هاي کنودونتي در نهشته هاي دونين بالايي-کربنيفر در برش انارک، ايران مرکزي، مجله زمين شناسي نفت سال نهم، شماره (CAI) و انديس تغيير رنگ، شماره 74، صفحات 101-118.
[5] شاکري، ب.، 1395، زيست¬چينه¬نگاري نهشته¬هاي دونين بالايي برش کوه-بند عبدالحسين (جنوب شرق انارک) بر اساس فوناي کنودونتي، پايان¬نامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان، 240 صفحه.
[6] غفاري، ا؛ هايراپطيان، و؛ حجازي، ح؛ 1390، محيط رسوبي و چينه نگاري سکانسي سنگ هاي دونين بالايي ناحيه زفره (برش شرقي)، شمال شرق اصفهان، فصلنامه زمين شناسي محيط زيست.
[7] غلامعليان، ح.، زارعي، ن.، هايراپطيان و.، و پروانه نژاد شيرازي، م.، 1393، داده هاي نوين درباره مرز فرازنين – فامنين در برش کال سردر، شرق طبس، ايران مرکزي، نشريه علمي پژوهشي رخساره هاي رسوبي، سال 7، شماره 1، صفحات 64-51.
[8] محرمي، س.، 1397، رخساره¬ها، محيط رسوبي و ژئوشيمي سازند بهرام (دونين پسين) در برش جنوب شرق انارک، پايان نامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان، 138 صفحه.
[9] موسوي، م.، 1374، مطالعه پالينواستراتيگرافي و‌پالئوژئوگرافي سازندهاي پادها، بهرام، شيشتو و‌سردر‌واقع در‌حوض دوراه (شرق طبس)، پايان نامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه تربيت معلم تهران،333.
[10] ARETZ, M., task group, 2011. Report of the joint Devonian-Carboniferous boundary GSSP reappraisal task group: Newsletter on Carboniferous Stratigraphy, 29, 23–26.
[11] ASPRION, U., WESTPHAL, H., NEIMAN, M. and POMAR, L., 2009, Extrapolation of depositional geometries of the Menorcan Miocene carbonate ramp with ground-penetrating radar: Facies, 37-46.
[12] BAKHTIARI, S., 2005, Road atlas of Iran Gitashenasi: Geological and Cartographic Institute, 1:1000,000: Tehran, Iran.
[13] BATHURST, R.G.C., 1967, Oolitic films on low-energy carbonate sand grains, Bimini Lagoon, Bahamas: Marine Geology, 89-109.
[14] BERBERIAN, M. and KING, G.C.P., 1981, Toward a Paleogeographic and Tectonic evolution of Iran: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18, 210–265.
[15] BONCHEVA, I., BAHRAMI, A., YAZDI, M., TORABY, H., 2007, Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy and Late Palaeozoic depositional evolution in South Central Iran (Asadabad section-SE Isfahan): Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 113, 329-356.
[16] BRADY, M., and BOWIE, C.H., 2017, Discontinuity surfaces and microfacies in a stormdominated shallow Epeiric Sea, Devonian Cedar Valley Group, Iowa: Depositional Record, 2(3), 136–160.
[17] BRANSON, E.B. and MEHL, M.G., 1934a, Conodonts from the Grassy Creek shale of Missouri: Missouri University Studies, 8, 171–259.
[18] BRANSON, E.R., 1934, Conodonts from the Hannibal Formation of Missouri: Missouri University Studies, 8, 301–343.
[19] BUGGISCH, W., 1991, The global Frasnian-Famennian "Kellwasser Event": Geologische Rundschau, 80, 49-72.
[20] BULTYNCK, P., 2003, Devonian Icriodontidae: biostratigraphy, classification and remarks on paleoecology and dispersal: Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 35, 295-314.
[21] CORNET, P., 1975, Morphogense, caractres écologiques et distribution des stromatoporodes dévoniens au bord sud du bassin de Dinant (Belgique). Unpubl. thesis. Université Catholique de Louvain. Leuven.
[22] DA SILVA, A.C. and BOULVAIN, F., 2006, Upper Devonian carbonate platform correlations and sea level variations recorded in magnetic susceptibility: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 240, 373–388.
[23] DZIK, J., 2006, The Famennian “Golden Age” of conodonts and ammonoids in the Polish part of the Variscan Sea: Palaeontologia Polonica, 63, 1-359.
[24] EPSTEIN, A.G., EPSTEIN, J.B., and HARRIS, L.D., 1977, Conodont color alteration; an index to organic metamorphism: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 995, 1-27.
[25] FLUGEL, E., 2010, Microfacies of Carbonate Rock, Analysis, Interpretation and Application: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 984.
[26] GHOLAMALIAN, H., 2007, conodont biostratigraphy of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the Esfahan and Tabas areas, central Iran: Geological Quarterly, 51, 453-476.
[27] GHORBANI, M., ROSTAMNEJAD, A. and VALIANI Z., 2014, Microfacies, peterofacies and sedimentary environmentary of the Bahram Formation in Hutk section (Nirthern Kerman), Iran: International Journal of Geology, 4, 68-84.
[28] HARTENFELS, S., 2011, Die globalen Annulata-Events und die Dasberg-Krise (Famennium, Oberdevon) in Europa und Nord-Afrika: hochauflösende Conodonten-Stratigraphie, KarbonatMikrofazies, Paläoökologie und Paläodiversität: Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 105, 17–527.
[29] HASHEMI, H. and PLAYFORD, G., 1998, Upper Devonian palynomorphs of the Shishtu Formation, central Iran Basin, east-central Iran: Palaeontographica, 246, 115-212.
[30] HELMS, J., 1961, Die “nodocostata-Gruppe” der Gattung Polygnathus: Geologie, 10, 674–711.
[31] HUDDLE, J. W., 1934, Conodonts from the New Albany Shale of Indiana: Bulletin America Paleontology, 21, 1 –136.
[32] JI, Q., 1989, On the Frasnian Conodont Biostratigraphy in the Guilin Area of Guangxi, South China: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 117, 303- 32.
[33] JI, Q. and ZIEGLER, W., 1993, The Lali section: an excellent reference section for Late Devonian in South China: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 157, 183.
[34] KERSHAW, S. and BRUNTON, F. R., 1999, Palaeozoic stromatoporoid taphonomy: ecologic and environmental significance: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 149, 313-328.
[35] KIM, J.C., LEE, Y.I., and HISADA, K.I., 2007, Depositional and compositional controls on sandstone diagenesis, the Tetori Group (Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous), central Japan: Sedimentary Geology, 195, 183–202.
[36] KLAPPER, G., and LANE, H. R., 1985, Upper Devonian (Frasnian) conodonts of the Polygnathus biofacies, N.W.T., Canada: Journal of Paleontology, 59, 904–951.
[37] KLAPPER, G, 2007, Frasnian (Upper Devonina) Conodont Succession at horse spring and correlative sections, canning basin, western australia: Journal of Paleontology, 81, 513–537.
[38] MACHEL, H.G. and HUNTER, I.G., 1994, Facies model for Middle to Late Devonian shallow–- marine carbonates, with comparisons to modern reefs: a guide for facies analysis: Facies, 30, 155–176.
[39] MCGHEE, G.R., 1989, The Frasnian-Famennian extinction event, in: DONOVAN, S.K. [ed.] Mass extinctions: Processes and evidence: London, Belhaven Press, 133-151.
[40] MEHL, M.G., and THOMAS, L.A., 1947, Conodonts from the Fern Glen of Missouri: Journal of Science Laboratory of Denison University, 40, 3–20.
[41] MIALL, A.D. 1996, The Geology of Fluvial Deposits, Sedimentary Facies: Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geology. Berlin: Springer, 602.
[42] MOUNT, M., 1985, Queensland. Australia Bureau of Mineral Resources: Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin, 108:75–90.
[43] NICHOLS, G., 2000, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: Blackwell Science, Oxford, 355.
[44] OVANATANOVA, N.S., 1969, New Upper Devonian conodonts from the central region of the Russian platform and of the Timan: In Fauna and stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic of the Russian platform: Nedra, 39–141.
[45] PERRI, M.C. and SPALLETTA, C., 1990, Famennian conodonts from climenid pelagic limestone, Carnic Alps, Italy: Palaeontographia Italica, 77, 55-83.
[46] PlAYFORD, P. E., 1969, Devonian carbonate complexes of Alberta and Western Australia: a comparative study: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1-43.
[47] RUTTNER, A., NABAVI, M. H. and HAJIAN, J., 1968a, Geology of Shigesht area (Tabas area, east Iran): Geological survey of Iran, 4.
[48] SANDBERG, C. A. and DREESEN, A., 1984, Late Devonian icriodontid biofacies models and alternate shallow water Conodont zonation, 143-178, in: CLARK, D. L, [eds.] Conodont biofacies and provincialism: Geological Society of America, Special paper, 196.
[49] SANNEMANN, D., 1955b, Beitrag zur untergliederung des Oberdevons nach Conodonten: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 100, 324–331.
[50] SAVAG, N.M. and FUNAI, C. A., 1980, Devonian Conodonts of Probable Early Frasnian Age from the Coronados Islands of Southeastern Alaska: Journal of Paleontology, 54, 806–813.
[51] SEPKOSKI, J.J., 1982, A compendium of fossil marine families: Milwaukee Museum Publications, Contributions to Biology and Geology, 51,125.
[52] SEPKOSKI, J.J., 1986, Phanerozoic overview of mass extinctions, in: RAUP, D.M., and JABLONSKI, D., [eds.] Patterns and processes in the history of life: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 277-295.
[53] SPALLETTA, C., PERRI, M. C., OVER, D.J. and CORRADINI, C., 2017, Famennian (Upper Devonian) conodont zonation: revised global standard: Bulletin of Geosciences, 92, 31-57.
[54] STAUFFER, C. R., 1938, Conodonts of the Olentangy Shale: Journal of Paleontology, 12, 411-433.
[55] STÖCLIN, J., and NABAVI, M.H., 1969, Geological map of Boshruyeh sheet (scale 1:250000), No. J7: Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran.
[56] WILSON, J. L., 1975, Carbonate facies in geologic history: Springer Verlag, 471.
[57] YAZDI, M., 1999, Late Devonian-Carboniferous conodonts from Eastern Iran: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 105, 167-200.
[58] ZIEGLER, W., SANDBERG, C. A., and AUSTIN, R. L., 1974. Revision of Bispathodus group (conodonta) in the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous: Geologica et Palaeontologica, 8, 97-112.
[59] ZIEGLER, W. and SANDBERG, C.A., 1984, Palmatolepis-based revision of upper part of standard Late Devonian conodont zonation: In: Clark, D. L. (Ed), 1984, conodont biofacies and provincialism: Geological Soienty of America Special Paper, 179-194.
[60] ZIEGLER, W. and SANDBERG, C. A., 1990, The Late Devonian Standard Conodont Zonation: Courier Forschungs Institut Senckenberg, 121, 1–115.
