A brief overview on the effect of type and curing catalyst concentration and NCO / OH ratio on the pot life of the High energy composite based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene
Subject Areas :Mohsen Azargoon 1 , Abbas Kebritchi 2 , Moosa Nazari 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: pot Life Catalyst R value Viscosity composite,
Abstract :
The pot life of high-energy composites plays a decisive role in the ease of production process and the quality of the finished product's properties. Two effective parameters are the determination of the operating life of the curing agent concentration (NCO / OH ratio) and the amount of catalyst for curing. In this paper, the effect of different amounts of catalysts and different amounts of R (NCO / OH ratio) on the pot life of HTPB-based high energy composite has been studied from scientific sources. Investigations carried out in this study showed that increasing the amount of catalysts in the curing process increases the viscosity of the high energy composite. Also, increasing the amount of R from 0.8 to 1 speed increases the viscosity and increases the pot life of the application. It is interesting to note that with increasing R, from 1 to 1.1, the viscosity increase rate is higher than R=1 contrary to expectation and pot life increases. Energetic composite based on the IPDI curing agent has two distinct stages of increasing viscosity and two different speeds. This is attributed to the presence of two different reactive groups of isocyanates in the molecular structure of this curing agent. In this study, the effect of DBTDL, FeAA, TEB and TECH catalysts on the pot life of high energy composite based on HTPB has been compared and compared. Also, through the Kissinger and Ozawa equations, the amount of activation energy can be evaluated and compared in systems with a variety of catalysts. Based on this, DBTDL has the least amount of activation energy among the catalysts to be cured, resulting in a higher uptake of polyurethane curing times and a lower pot life. Also, according to the studies, to obtain suitable curing for polyurethane systems and proper pot life, the value of R is equal to 1.
[1] Cucksee, Marjorie T., and Henry C. Allen. "Extension of Pot Life of HTPB Composite Propellants by Phosphine Oxides." U.S. Patent No. 3,974,004. 10 Aug. 1976.
[2] Cuksee, Marjorie T., and Henry C. Allen. "Pot life extension of isocyanate cured propellants by aziridine compounds." U.S. Patent No. 4,019,933. 26 Apr. 1977.
[3] Sanden, Roland. "Method for Extension of Pot Life in Curing Reactions." U.S. Patent No. 4,493,916. 15 Jan. 1985.
[4] Tokui, H. and A. Iwama, Pot Life Problem And Its Measure With a Reduced Smoke Propellant Production. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 1991. 16(3): P. 105-109.
[5] Muthaiah, R. Et Al. Rheology of HTPB Propellant: Effect of Mixing Speed and Mixing Time. Defence Science Journal, 1993. 43(2): P. 167.
[6] Govindan, G. and S. Athithan, Studies on Curing of Polyurethane Propellant Binder System. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 1994. 19(5): P. 240-244.
[7] Rodić, V. and M. Petrić, the Effect of Additives on Solid Rocket Propellant Characteristics. Scientific Technical Review, 2004. 54(3-4): P. 9-14.
[8] Mahanta, A. I. Dharmsaktu, and P. Pattnayak, Rheological Behaviour of HTPB-Based Composite Propellant: Effect of temperature and Pot Life on Casting Rate. Defence Science Journal, 2007. 57(4): P. 435.
[9] Vesna, R. and M. Petric, the Effect of Curing Agents on Solid Composite Rocket Propellant Characteristics. Scientific-Technical Review, 2005: P. 46-50.
[10] Jawalkar, S. N., et al. "Influence of bicurative on processibility of composite propellant." Defence Science Journal 57.5 (2007): 669.
[11] Korah Bina, C. K. Kannan, and K. Ninan, DSC Study on the Effect of Isocyanates and Catalysts on the HTPB Cure Reaction. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004. 78(3): P. 753-760.
[12] Catherine, Korah Bina, K. Krishnan, and K. N. Ninan. "A DSC Study on Cure Kinetics of HTPB-IPDI Urethane Reaction." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 59.1-2 (2000): 93-100.
[13] de Flon, John, et al. "Solid Propellants based on ADN and HTPB." 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. 2011.
[14] Jangid, Suresh Kumar, et al. "Experimental Studies on Advanced Sheet Explosive Formulations Based on 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-Hexanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB), and Comparison with a RDX-Based System." Central European Journal of Energetic Materials 13.1 (2016): 135-147.
[15] Hui, M. et al. Kinetic Studies on the Cure Reaction of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Based Polyurethane With Variable Catalysts by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. E-Polymers, 2017. 17(1): P. 89-94.
[16] Guo, Jiahu, et al. "Kinetic Research on the Curing Reaction of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Based Polyurethane Binder System via FT-IR Measurements." Coatings 8.5 (2018): 175.
[17] Ou, Yapeng, et al. "Influence of Bismuth Complex Catalysts on the Cure Reaction of Hydroxyl-terminated Polyether-based Polymer Bonded Explosives." (2018).
[18] Lee, Sangmook, et al. "Curing Behavior of Polyurethane as a Binder for Polymer-Bonded Explosives." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 21 (2015): 980-985.
[19] OU, Ya-Peng, Shuang-Jun CHANG, and Bai-lei ZHANG. "Effect of Bismuth-Containing Catalysts on HTPB Curing Kinetics." Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials 6 (2015): 017.[20] Lee, S. et Al. Polyurethane Curing Kinetics for Polymer Bonded Explosives: HTPB/IPDI Binder. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015. 32(8): P. 1701-1706.
[21] Sekkar, V. K. Ambika Devi, and K. Ninan, Rheo‐Kinetic Evaluation on the Formation of Urethane Networks Based on Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001. 79(10): P. 1869-1876.
[22] Singh, Manohar, B. K. Kanungo, and T. K. Bansal. "Kinetic Studies on Curing of Hydroxy‐Terminated Polybutadiene Prepolymer‐Based Polyurethane Networks." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 85.4 (2002): 842-846.
[23] Mahanta, A.K. M. Goyal, and D.D. Pathak, Rheokinetic Analysis of Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene Based Solid Propellant Slurry. Journal of Chemistry, 2010. 7(1): P. 171-179.
[24] Chai, T. et Al. Rheokinetic Analysis on the Curing Process of HTPB-DOA-MDI Binder System. in Iopconference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016. IOP Publishing.
[25] Singh, Manohar, B. K. Kanungo, and T. K. Bansal. "Kinetic Studies on Curing of Hydroxy‐Terminated Polybutadiene Prepolymer‐Based Polyurethane Networks Journal of Applied Polymer Science 85.4 (2002): 842-846.
[26] Sekkar, V. and T.S.K. Raunija, Issues Related with Pot Life Extension for Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene‐Based Solid Propellant Binder System. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2015. 40(2): P. 267-274.
[27] Sekkar, V. and T.S.K. Raunija, Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane Networks as Solid Propellant Binder-State of The Art. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2014. 31(1): P. 16-35.
[28] Perrault, Guy, Roger Lavertu, and Jean-Francois Drolet. "High-Energy Explosive or Propellant Composition.U.S. Patent No. 4,289,551. 15 Sep. 1981.
