The Role of Communication Skills based on Anger Rumination and Alexithymia
Subject Areas : PsychologyMostafa Maleki 1 , Hosein Mohagheghi 2 , Safdar Nabizadeh 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: anger rumination communication skills,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual model and test it for communication skills based on anger rumination and alexithymia. The method of this study was descriptive and the population of this study included all students of the Hamedan in the academic year 1397-1398, among these students, 270 subjects were selected through an accessible sampling method. The research tools included Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, Communication Skills Scale, and Anger Rumination Scale. The relationships between variables were examined by the structural equation modeling. Results showed that the alexithymia had a direct correlation with anger rumination and communication skills dissatisfaction and has indirect relationship with communication skills through anger rumination. Anger rumination also had a direct relation with communication skills. In general, communication skills were influenced by emotions in relationships. There was a negative correlation with the anger rumination and alexithymia and these variables can have a role in reducing the amount of communication skills of individuals by affecting interpersonal interactions.
براتي، هاجر.، پور تجریشي، محمدرضا، ساجدی، م.، و به پژوه، احمد.(1391) تأثير آموزش مهارت های اجتماعی بر مهارت های زندگی و روزمره دختران سندرم داون، ویژه نامه توانبخشي اعصاب اطفال، 13، 120-114.
بشارت، محمدعلی.، خلیلی خضر آبادی، م.، رضازاده، محمدرضا و حسینی، س.ا. (1396). نقش واسطه ای دشواری تنظیم هیجان در رابطه بین روان سازه های ناسازگار اولیه با ناگویی هیجان. روش ها و مدل های روانشناختی، 8(3)، 183-206.
خانی، عباس و حسینیان سراجه لو، فرج. (1393). اثر بخشی درمان شناختی-رفتاری در کاهش خشم و بازخورد خشم در زندانیان زندان اردبیل. رویش روانشناسی، 3(9).
سلطاني علي آباد، م.، امیرجان، س.، یوسفی، س. ج.، ازخوش، م و عسگری، ع. (1390). اثر بخشی آموزش مهارت های ارتباطی بر سطح خودمتمایزسازی پسران نوجوان. فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی، 44، 69-92.
میرزایی، ام البنین.، واقعی، سعید و کوشان، محسن. (1389). تأثیر آموزش مهارت های ارتباطی بر میزان استرس ادراک شده در دانشجویان پرستاری، مجله دانشگاه علوم پژشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی سبزوار، 2، 88-95.
Berenbaum, H., & Prince, J.D. (1994). Alexithymia and the interpretation of emotion- relevant information. Cognitive Emotion, 8(3), 231–244.
Berenbaum, H., Davis, R., & McGrew, J. (1998). Alexithymia and the interpretation of hostile- provoking situations. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 67, 254–258.
Besharat, M. A. (2015). Psychometric characteristics of Persian version of the TorontoAlexithymia Scale-20 in clinical and non-clinical samples. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1): 1-6.
Besharat, M., (2009). “Alexithymia and interpersonal problems, Studies in Education and Psychology, 1, 129-145.
Besharat, M., & Pourbohlool, S. (2013). Mediation effect of anger rumination on the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control with mental health. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 2(2), 71-80.
Besharat, M.A. (2007). Reliability and factorial validity of a Persian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a sample of Iranian students. Psychological , 101, 209-220.
Besharat, M.A. (2010). Relationship of alexithymia with coping styles and interpersonal problems. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 614-618.
Blake,C.S., & Hamrin,V. (2007). Current approaches to the assessment and management of anger and aggression in youth: A review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing,20 (4), 209-221.
Campos, A.; Chiva, M. & Moreau, M.(2000). Alexithymia and mental imagery. Pers Indiv Differ, 29, 787-791.
Conger, J. C., Conger, A. J., Edmondson, C., Tescher, B & Smolin, J. (2003). The relationship of anger and social skills to psychological symptoms. Assessment, 10(3), 248- 258.
Di Schiena, R., Luminet, O., & Philippot, P. (2011). Adaptive and maladaptive rumination in alexithymia and their relation with depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 10-14.
Feindler, E.L., & Engel, E.C. (2011). Assesment and intervention for adolescents with anger and aggression difficulties in school settings. Psychology in the Schools,48 (3),243-253.
Fukunishi, I., Berger, D., Wogan, J., & Kuboki, T. (1999). Alexithymic traits as predictors of difficulties with adjustment in an outpatient cohort of expatriates in Tokyo. Psychological Reports, 85,67- 77.
Guttman, H., & Laporte, L. (2002). Alexithymia, empathy, and psychological symptoms in a family context. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43, 448–455.
Inslegers, R., Vanheule, S., Meganck, R., Debaere, V., Trenson, E & Desmet, M.(2012). Interpersonal problems and cognitive characteristics of interpersonal representations in alexithymia: A study using a self-report and interview-based measure of alexithymia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200,607-613.
Kadish, TE., Glasser, B.A., & Ginter, E.J. (2007). Identification the developemental strengths of juvenile offers: Assessing for life skills. Journal of Addications and Offender Counseling. 21(2), 11-85.
Khalatbari, J., & Bazarganiyan, N. (2011). Comparison the depression, anxiety and stress in intravenous substance abusers, with and without HIV/AIDS. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences; 20: 76-83.
King, L ., Emmons, R.A & Woodley, S.(1992) The structure of inhibition. Journal of Research in Personality. 26, 85-102.
Kline P. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. 3nd ed New York: The Guildford Press; 64-9.
Koçak, C & Önen, A. S. (2014). The analysis on interpersonal relationship dimensions of secondary school students according to their ruminative thinking skills. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 784-787.
Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Cushman, F., Hauser, M. & Damasio, A. (2007). “Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgments”. Nature, 446, 865-866.
Kokkonen, P., Karvonen, J. T., Veijola, J., Laeksy, K., & Jokelainen, J. (2001). Perceived and sociodemographic correlates of a lexithymia in a population sample of young adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42,471-476.
Kyung Seo, E & Joo, E., (2017). The effects of interpersonal relationship problems, occupational stress, and anger rumination on Hwa-Byung symptoms among white- collar male workers. Ewha Journal of Social Sciences, 33(2), 29-56.
Lepore, S. J., Greenberg, M. A., Bruno, M., & Smyth, J. M. (2002). Expressive writing and health: Self-regulation of emotion -related experience, physiology, and behavior. The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and emotional well-being (pp. 99-117). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association
Liverant, G. I., Kamholz, B. W., Sloan, D. M., & Brown, T. A. (2011). Rumination in clinical depression: A type of emotional suppression? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 253-265.
Luminet, O., Zech, E., Rime, B & Wagner, H. (2000). Predicting cognitive and social consequences of emotional episodes: The contribution of emotional intensity, the five factor model, and alexithymia. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 471–497.
Lumley, A.M., Ovies, T., Stettner, L., Wehmer, F & Lakey, B. (1994). Alexithymia, social support and health problems. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41(6), 519-530.
McCullough, M. E.; Rachal, K. C.; Sandage, S. J.; Worthington, E. L.; J. r.; Brown, S. W. & Hight, T. L. (1998). “Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(6), 1586–1603.
Motan, I., & Gencoz, T. (2007). The relationship between the dimensions of alexithymia and the intensity of depression and anxiety. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 18(4), 333- 43.
Perusse, F., Boucher, S. & Fernet, M. (2014).Observation of couple interactions: Alexithymia and communication behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 1017-1022.
Peters, J. R., Geiger, P. J., Smart, L. M., & Baer, R. A. (2014). Shame and borderline personality features: The potential mediating role of anger and anger rumination. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 1-9.
Picardi, A., Toni, A., & Carropo, E. (2009). Stability of alexithymia and its relationship with the big five factors temperament, character, and attachment style. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Journal Abbreviation: Psychother Psychosom, 74(5), 371-378.
Robbins, S.A., & Merrill. A.F. (2014). Understanding posttransgressional relationship closeness: The roles of perceived severity, rumination, and communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 31(1), 23-32.
Roberts, J. E., Gilboa, E., & Gotlib, I. H. (1998). Ruminative response style and vulnerability to episodes of dysphoria: Gender, neuroticism, and episode duration. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 401-423.
Rusting, C. L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 790-803.
Samani, S., Sohrabi Shegefti, N., & Mansori, S. (2011). Mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation for parenting style and emotional disturbances. Journal of Psychological Models and Methods, 1(3), 119-133.
Sevindi ,T., & Kumcagız, H. (2018). The relationship between high school students’ levels of alexithymia and communication skills. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(4), 1335-1343.
Sifneos, P. E. (1988). Alexithymia and its relationship to hemispheric specialization, affect and creativity. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 287-292.
Sifneos, P.E. (1973). The prevalence of“alexithymic” characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 22 (2), 255–262.
Sivo, S. A., Fan, X. T., Witta, E .L. & Willse, J. T. (2006). The search for ‘optimal’ cut off properties: Fit index criteria in structural equation modeling, The Journal of Experimental Education, 74 (3): 267-289
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., Stone, E. C. & Orban, L. (2005). Dismantling anger control training for children: A randomized pilot study of social problem-solving versus social skills training components. Behavior Therapy, 36(1), 15-23.
Sukhodolsky,D.G., Golub,A., & Cromwell, E.N. (2001). Development and validation of the Anger Rumination Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 689-700.
Taylor, G. J. (2000). Recent development in alexithymia theory and research. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45,134 – 142.
Watkins, E. (2004). “Appraisals and strategies associated with rumination and worry”. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 679-694.
Yosefi, F.(2006). Relation between emotional intelligence and communication skills in students. Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 3(9), 5-13.[Persian].
Zettergren, P. (2003). School adjustment in adolescence for previously rejected, average and popular children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 207-221.
