Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease, afflicting about 5-10% of women. Many possible environmental and molecular factors have been proposed for the pathogenesis of endometriosis; nevertheless, its real mechanism is still under investigation. This research aimed to examine the effect of physical exercise and B6 vitamin on the expression of COX2 and IL-1B genes on endometriotic tissue in endometriosis model rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 25 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control-healthy, endometriosis, endometriosis + exercise, endometriosis + B6, endometriosis + exercise + B6. Vitamin B6 were administered as 60 mg/kg per body weight of each rat. The swimming exercise program involved 8 weeks of exercise, each week 5 days, and each day for 30 min. For data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test were used. Results: The extent of expression of COX and IL-1β genes increased significantly in the endometriosis group compared to the control-healthy group. All three groups of endometriosis + exercise, endometriosis + B6, and endometriosis + exercise + B6 showed a significant reduction of COX2 expression compared to the endometriosis group. Two groups of endometriosis + exercise and endometriosis + exercise + B6 indicated a significant decline in the extent of expression of 1L-1β gene, as compared to the endometriosis group. The endometriosis + exercise + B6 group revealed a significant reduction in the extent of expression of COX2 and IL-1β genes compared to endometriosis + B6. Finally, the endometriosis + exercise group revealed a significant decrease in the extent of expression of IL-1β gene, when compared with the endometriosis + B6. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that changes in the key molecules or signaling pathways as well as gene expression in the endometriosis process can contribute to improving this condition. Doing physical activity and concurrent consumption of B6 vitamin will be helpful in curbing this disease and improving the level of this condition. تفاصيل المقالة