بررسی عوامل موثر بر نرخ سود بانکی با تاکید بر سرمایه گذاری و توسعه اقتصادی
الموضوعات : Economic
1 - مربی، کارشناسی ارشد حسابداری، گروه حسابداری، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تورم, رشد اقتصادی, سود,
ملخص المقالة :
بانك ها وظايف مهمي را در نظام اقتصادی به عهده دارند كه شامل تجهيز پس اندازها و واسطه گري، تسهيل جريانات پرداخت، تخصيص اعتبارات و برقراري نظم مالي است. حتي در اقتصادهايي كه داراي بازارهاي مالي پيشرفته اي هستند، بانك ها در كانون فعاليت هاي مالي و اقتصادي قرار دارند و نقطه اتكايي براي اعمال سياست هاي پولي و مهار تورم به حساب مي آيند. در ايران به دليل تحريم هاي اقتصادي كه موجب ناتواني در تامين منابع مالي از مسيرهاي بين المللي شده اند، اتكای نظام اقتصادي به نظام پولي -بانكي شديدا افزايش پيدا كرده و سبب تاثيرگذاري بالاي نرخ سود تسهيلات بانكي بر سرمايه گذاري و به تبع آن بر متغيرهاي كلان اقتصادي ايران شده اند. با توجه به بالا بودن نرخ تورم در اقتصاد ایران و قدرت ابزارهای بانکی در مهار آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل موثر بر نرخ سود سپرده بانکی در سال 1403 با نمونه 10 ساله اخیر انجام شده است. پژوهش از لحاظ روش گردآوری داده ها توصیفی( شاخه همبستگی) و از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است. داده ها از طریق اسناد کتابخانه ای گردآوری و با کمک آزمون رگرسیون تحلیل شد. پژوهش با فرض قرار دادن نرخ تورم، حجم تسهیلات بانکی، تعداد شعب بانک ها، جمعیت کشور و تولید ناخالص داخلی به عنوان عوامل موثر بر نرخ سود بانکی به این نتیجه رسید که حجم تسهیلات بانکی ارتباط خطی منفی و معنادار، نرخ تورم، حجم تسهیلات بانکی، جمعیت کشور و تولید ناخالص داخلی ارتباط غیرخطی درجه دوم معناداری با نرخ سود بانکی دارد. به این ترتیب جهت تعیین نرخ سود بانکی لازم است حجم تسهیلات بانکی و تورم را مدنظر قرار داد تا ضمن کنترل تورم زمینه رشد و توسعه اقتصادی را فراهم آورد.
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