طراحی مدل شایستگی کارکنان دانشی در شرکتهای دانشبنیان با استفاده از رویکرد ترکیبی دلفی–دیمتل فازی
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد رامهرمز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رامهرمز،ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدل شایستگی, کارکنان دانشی, شرکتهای دانشبنیان, دلفی, دیمتل فازی, مدلسازی علّی,
ملخص المقالة :
در عصر اقتصاد دانشمحور، شرکتهای دانشبنیان نقش مهمی در نوآوری و توسعه پایدار ایفا میکنند. کارکنان دانشی، بهعنوان سرمایههای کلیدی این شرکتها، نیازمند نظامهایی دقیق برای شناسایی، توسعه و ارزیابی شایستگیهای خود هستند. با این حال، نبود مدلهای بومی و علمی در این زمینه یکی از چالشهای اساسی مدیریت منابع انسانی در این شرکتها بهشمار میرود. هدف این پژوهش، طراحی مدلی جامع از شایستگیهای کارکنان دانشی در شرکتهای دانشبنیان با استفاده از روش دیمتل دلفی فازی است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد ترکیبی انجام شد. ابتدا با مرور ادبیات علمی، ۲۰ مؤلفه شایستگی شناسایی گردید. در ادامه، با استفاده از روش دلفی و نظر ۱۸ نفر از خبرگان، این مؤلفهها به ۱۲ مورد نهایی تقلیل یافت. سپس، با بهرهگیری از روش دیمتل فازی، روابط علّی بین مؤلفهها تحلیل شد و میزان اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری آنها محاسبه گردید. نتایج تحلیل دیمتل فازی نشان داد که مؤلفههایی مانند تفکر انتقادی، حل مسئله، خلاقیت، رهبری دانش و مدیریت دانش، در زمره عوامل علی (اثرگذار) قرار دارند، در حالیکه مؤلفههایی همچون یادگیری مستمر، هوش هیجانی، مهارتهای ارتباطی و کار تیمی، بهعنوان عوامل معلولی (اثرپذیر) طبقهبندی شدند. مدل نهایی روابط علّی میان مؤلفهها را بهصورت شبکهای نشان داد. مدل ارائهشده میتواند بهعنوان ابزاری راهبردی برای طراحی فرآیندهای جذب، آموزش، ارزیابی و توسعه کارکنان دانشی در شرکتهای دانشبنیان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
المصادر:
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1. Ahmad, N. H., & Xavier, S. R. (2012). "Entrepreneurial Inclination of Government and Private University Students." Education & Training Journal. DOI:10.1108/NEJE-13-01-2010-B005
2. Alvesson, M. (2004). Knowledge Work and Knowledge-Intensive Firms. Oxford University Press.DOI; 10.1016/j.scaman.2005.11.003
3. Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in Context. Westview Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429501234
4. Athey, T. R., & Orth, M. S. (1999). "Emerging competency methods for the future." Human Resource Management, 38(3), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-050X(199923)38:3<215::AID-
5. Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, A. R. (2001). What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies. Industrial and corporate change, 10(1), 267-315. https://academic.oup.com/journals
6. Barani, S., & Ashrafzadeh, A. (2023) ). The role of human resource management system and strategies on radical innovation of knowledge-based companies by explaining the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 6(2) 29-48 DOI: 10.22034/qjimdo.2023.387198.1568 [ In Persian]
7. Boak, G. (2002). Developing Managerial Competence. Prentice Hall. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203020395
8. Bontis, N. (2001). "Assessing Knowledge Assets: A Review of the Models Used to Measure Intellectual Capital." International Journal of Management Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00053
9. Boyatzis, R. E. (1982), The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance, John Wiley & Sons, USA. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250040413
10. Boyatzis, R. E., & Saatcioglu, A. (2008). "A 20-year view of trying to develop emotional, social and cognitive intelligence competencies in graduate management education." Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 92–108. DOI:10.1108/02621710810840785
11. Campion, M. A., Fink, A. A., Ruggeberg, B. J., Carr, L., Phillips, G. M., & Odman, R. B. (2011). Doing competencies well: Best practices in competency modeling. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 225–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01207.x
12. Chang, W. Y., & Wang, C. H. (2013), "A hybrid MCDM model for evaluating knowledge worker competencies", Applied Soft Computing, 13(11), 4493–4500. DOI:10.3390/math9060587
13. Covey, S. R. (1989).The 7 Habits of Highly Effective PeoPress. https://www.stephencovey.com/7habits/7habits.php
14. Cross, R., & Parker, A. (2004). The Hidden Power of Social Networks. Harvard Business Review Press. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21742-6_31
15. Davenport, T. H. (2005). Thinking for a Living: How to Get Better Performances and Results from Knowledge Workers. Harvard Business Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1221
16. Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Harvard Business Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1221
17. Delamare Le Deist, F., & Irfan, A. (2013). "Dynamic competencies in knowledge organizations: An empirical investigation." Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26(2), 215–232. DOI:10.1108/JOCM-01-2015-0019
18. Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management Challenges for the 21st Century. HarperBusiness.Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). "Competencies in the 21st century." Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12. DOI:10.4324/9781003057123
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21. Ferrell, O. C., & Fraedrich, J. (2012). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Cengage Learning. https://doi.org/10.1177/02734753241292830
22. Gholipour, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., & Asadi, M. (2015). "The study of key success factors in knowledge-based companies." Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 8(3), 423-441. https://doi.org/10.22067/tmj.2022.69632.1077
23. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books. DOI:10.5958/2321-5828.2018.00107.9
24. Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). "The Development and Implications of a Personal Problem-Solving Inventory." Journal of Counseling Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66
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28. Jacob, R. (2002). "Definition and Characteristics of Competency-Based Training." International Labour Organization. DOI:10.1080/00220272.2013.812680
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30. Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The Wisdom of Teams. Harvard Business Review Press. http://ejbo.jyu.fi/pdf/ejbo_vol20_no2_pages_43-53.pdf
31. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Prentice-Hall. DOI: 10.4236/ce.2014.512125
32. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management. Pearson Education. DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2020.102025
33. Kuratko, D. F. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice. South-Western College Pub. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2022.101018.
34. Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2015). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. Pearson. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2019.73098.
35. Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27–46. doi: 10.4236/jss.2020.810002.
36. Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach. McGraw-Hill. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1110418.
37. Macan, T. H. (1994). "Time Management: Test of a Process Model." Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381
38. Mansfield, R. S. (1996). Building competency models: Approaches for HR professionals. Human Resource Management, 35(1), 7–18. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-050X(199621)35:1<7::AID-HRM1>3.0.CO;2-2
39. Marshall, M. N. (1996). "Sampling for qualitative research." Family Practice, 13(6), 522–526. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
40. McClelland, D. C. (1973). "Testing for Competence Rather Than for Intelligence." American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034092
41. Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D., & Théorêt, A. (1976). "The Structure of 'Unstructured' Decision Processes." Administrative Science Quarterly. DOI: 10.4236/as.2018.93024
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43. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). "Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage." Academy of Management Review. DOI:10.2307/259373
44. Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1080/23735082.2023.2272611
45. OECD (2012). Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012. OECD Publishing. DOI: 10.4236/ce.2013.47A2016
46. OECD (2021). OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2021. 10.30495/jedu.2021.26823.5366
47. Parry, S. B. (1998). Just what is a competency (and why should we care)? Training, 35(6), 58–64. 10.30495/jedu.2021.26823.5366
48. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2013). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life. Pearson. doi: 10.4236/ce.2022.134090.
49. 28). "Adaptability in the Workplace: Development of a Taxonomy of Adaptive Performance." Journal of Applied Psychology. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.612
50. Robbins, S. P.,& Judge,T.A. (2017).Organizational Behavior. Pearson Education. doi: 10.4236/jhrss.2025.132013.
51. Roe, R. A. (2002). "What makes a competent professional?" The Psychologist, 15(3), 124–126. DOI:10.1027//1016-9040.7.3.192
52. Rowe, A. D. (2013). "Developing Lifelong Learners in the 21st Century." International Education Studies. DOI:10.1080/14748460701440905
53. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). "Emotional Intelligence." Imagination, Cognition and Personality. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
54. Sanghi, S. (2007). The Handbook of Competency Mapping. Response Books. DOI:10.4135/9788132108481
55. Scarbrough, H. (1999). "Knowledge as work: Conflicts in the management of knowledge workers." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11(1), 5–16. DOI:10.1080/095373299107546
56. Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930290308
57. Shippmann, J. S., Ash, R. A., Battista, M., Carr, L., Eyde, L. D., Hesketh, B., & Sanchez, J. I. (2000). "The practice of competency modeling." Personnel Psychology, 53(3), 703–740. DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00220.x
58. SHL Group. (2010). Competency Framework Manual. SHL Ltd. www.equalityhumanrights.com
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