تحلیلی بر کارآفرینی دانشگاهی در عصر دیجیتالی شدن با استفاده از روش فراترکیب

ملخص المقالة :

هدف این مقاله، ارائه تحلیلی عمیق و چندبعدی از پدیده "کارآفرینی دانشگاهی دیجیتال" در بستر اقتصادی و نهادی ایران است. در حالی که ادبیات جهانی به سرعت در حال بررسی تلاقی بین تحول دیجیتال و کارآفرینی دانشگاهی است، درک یکپارچه‌ای از ابعاد، پیشران‌ها، موانع و پیامدهای این پدیده در یک اقتصاد در حال توسعه و تحت تحریم مانند ایران وجود ندارد. این پژوهش با اتخاذ یک رویکرد کیفی، از روش‌شناسی فراترکیب هفت مرحله‌ای سندلوسکی و باروسو (2007) برای تحلیل و ترکیب نظام‌مند یافته‌های مطالعات پیشین بهره می‌برد. با جستجوی جامع در پایگاه‌های داده ملی و بین‌المللی و غربالگری مطالعات بر اساس معیارهای دقیق، مجموعه‌ای از مقالات مرتبط به عنوان داده‌های این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های حاصل از این فراترکیب در سه مضمون اصلی، برگرفته از چارچوب نظری "فناوری-سازمان-محیط" (TOE)، دسته‌بندی شدند:
 ۱) عوامل فناورانه، شامل نقش دوسویه پلتفرم‌های دیجیتال و ضرورت سواد هوش مصنوعی؛ ۲) عوامل سازمانی، ناظر بر چالش‌های انطباق نهادی دانشگاه‌ها، ظهور ساختارهای حمایتی نوین و بایستگی رهبری دیجیتال؛ و ۳) عوامل محیطی، که به نقش متناقض سیاست‌گذاری دولتی، تأثیر تحریم‌های اقتصادی و فرهنگ کارآفرینانه نوظهور در میان دانشجویان می‌پردازد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که موفقیت کارآفرینی دانشگاهی دیجیتال در ایران، نه یک مسئله صرفاً فناورانه، بلکه محصول تعامل پیچیده‌ای میان آمادگی فناورانه، ظرفیت‌های پویا و تحول ساختاری در دانشگاه‌ها، و یک اکوسیستم محیطی توانمندساز است. این مقاله با ارائه یک چارچوب مفهومی یکپارچه، دلالت‌های سیاستی مشخصی را برای رهبران دانشگاهی و سیاست‌گذاران ملی به‌منظور تقویت اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دیجیتال در کشور ارائه می‌دهد.

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