تبيين چالش‌های نظری کیفیت‌ هوای داخلی ساختمان‌های سبز و فرصت‌های بهبود آن

ملخص المقالة :

ساختمان‌های سبز که امروزه جهت بهره‌وری انرژی طراحی می‌شوند، بر کارآمدی انرژی و منابع تمرکز داشته و کمتر به کیفیت هوای محيط داخلي می‌پردازند؛ فقدان کیفیت مطلوب هوای داخل بسیاری از این ساختمان‌ها سلامت ساکنین را مختل می‌کند و آسیب‌های جبران ناپذیری در پي خواهد داشت.‌ این مقاله با هدف کاربردیِ تبیین فرصت‌های بهبود کیفیت هوای داخلی به بررسی چالش‌های کیفیت هوای محيط داخلي در ساختمان‌هاي سبز می‌پردازد. در اين راستا ابتدا مروری بر تعاریف ساختمان سبز و کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی مي‌شود و نحوه پرداختن ساختمان‌های سبز به کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی ساختمان به روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای بررسي خواهد شد. در ادامه به روش توصیفی تحلیلی با مقایسه کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی ساختمان‌های سبز و معمولی، اقدامات به اصطلاح سبزي که تاثیرات نامطلوبی روی کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی دارند شناسایی شده و با تحلیل محتوای کیفی مجموعه‌ای از راهكارهای بهبود کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی پیشنهاد می‌شود. یافته‌های به دست آمده نشان می‌دهند علی رغم اینکه عموما کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی درک شده در ساختمان‌های سبز، بالاتر از ساختمان‌های معمولی بوده، اما سبز بودنِ ساختمان، لزوماً کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی مطلوب‌تری را تضمین نمی‌کند. بر اساس جمع بندی داده‌های نظری، علاوه بر تهویه، باید بر راهبردهای دیگری نظیر کنترل منابع و کاهش مواجهه ساکنین با آلاینده‌ها تمرکز نمود. از جمله راهكارهاي بهبود کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی می‌توان به الزام رعایت دستورالعمل‌های کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی برای آلاینده‌های کلیدی و اعطای امتیاز در گواهي ساختمان سبز برای کاهش و به حداقل رساندن آلاينده‌ها، توسعه شاخص‌ها و معیارهای کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی، اعطای امتیاز برای تست آلایندگی محصولات مورد استفاده در ساختمان، نظارت منظم بر کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی، بررسی تأثیرات متقابل راه‌حل‌ها در سایر معیارهای تولید ساختمان‌های سبز بر کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی اشاره کرد.

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