بررسی منافع محیط زیستی و اقتصادی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM)
الموضوعات : environmental economy
1 - بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترويج کشاورزی، رشت، ايران
2 - بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM), آفتکشها, کاهش آلودگی, بهرهوری اقتصادی, محیطزیست,
ملخص المقالة :
در سالهای اخیر، اهمیت توسعه و اجرای برنامههای مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) به دلیل چالشهای محیط زیستی ناشی از مصرف آفتکشهای شیمیایی افزایش یافته است. IPM به عنوان یک رویکرد جامع و پایدار، با ترکیب روشهای زیستی، مکانیکی، زراعی و شیمیایی، سبب کاهش وابستگی به آفتكشهاي شیمیایی و حفظ تعادل بوم شناختی میشود. منافع اقتصادی و محیط زیستی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات قابل توجه است. از مهمترین مزایای این روش میتوان به کاهش هزینههای تولید، افزایش کیفیت و بازدهی محصولات، امنیت غذایی، کاهش آلودگی منابع طبیعی، حفظ تنوع زیستی و افزایش ایمنی گونههای غیرهدف اشاره کرد. این مزایا را میتوان به صورت ارزش اقتصادی بیان کرد و با محاسبه ارزش اقتصادی برنامههای IPM، گامهای مؤثری برای شناسایی منافع و کاربرد وسیعتر آنها برداشت. با وجود مزایای متعدد IPM، چالشهایی در مسیر اجرای این برنامهها وجود دارد. کمبود آگاهی کشاورزان، زیرساختهای ناکافی و تمایل به استفاده از روشهای سنتی از مهمترین موانع هستند. برای غلبه بر این چالشها، ارائه برنامههای آموزشی برای آگاهی از اهمیت IPM و سیاستهای حمایتی ضروری است. این بررسی با ارائه شواهد علمی و دادههای موردی، بر نقش و اهمیت مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، به عنوان ابزاری کارآمد برای کاهش پیامدهای منفی محیط زیستی مصرف آفتکشها و ارزیابی عوامل و مدلهای اقتصادی مؤثر بر منافع محیط زیستی در مسیر اجرای برنامههای IPM، تأکید دارد.
المصادر:
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Ferron, P. (1999). Protection intégrée des cultures0: évolution du concept et de son application. Cah Agr 8:389–396.
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Hardaker, J. B., Lien, G., Anderson, J. R. & Huirne, R. B. (2015). Coping with risk in agriculture: Applied decision analysis. Walingford: CABI. 0851998313.
Hollingsworth, C. S., & Coli, W. M. (2001). IPM adoption in northeastern U.S.: An examination of the IPM continuum. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 16(4), 177–183.
Jepson, P. C., Murray, K., Bach, O., Bonilla, M. A., Neumeister, L. (2020). Selection of pesticides to reduce human and environmental health risks: a global guideline and minimum pesticides list. Lancet Plan Health 4:e56–e63.
Jones, R., & Pannell, D. J. (2009). The economics of integrated pest management for crops. Agricultural Systems, 31(3), 153-177.
Joshi, R. & Gaur, N. )2020(. Agro-ecological approach for insect pest management in organic crops. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(4): 1473-1477.
Khatri, N., Tyagi, S. (2015). Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater quality in rural and urban areas. Front. Life Sci. 8 23–39.
Jørs, E., Aramayo, A., Huici, O., Konradsen, F., Gulis, G. (2017). Obstacles and opportunities for diffusion of integrated pest management strategies reported by Bolivian small-scale farmers and agronomists. Environ Health Insight. 11: 1178630217703390.
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Leake, A. (2000). The development of integrated crop management in agricultural crops: comparisons with conventional methods. Pest Manag Sci, 56:950–953.
Lenteren, V. J. C. (2012). The state of commercial augmentative biological control: plenty of natural enemies, but a frustrating lack of uptake. BioControl, 57:1–20.
Liang, D., Lu, X., Zhuang, M. et al. (2021). China’s greenhouse gas emissions for cropping systems from 1978–2016. Sci Data 8, 171.
Li, Q., Si, R., Guo, S., Waqas, M. A., & Zhang, B. (2023). Externalities of Pesticides and Their Internalization in the Wheat–Maize Cropping System—A Case Study in China’s Northern Plains. Sustainability, 15(16), 12365.
Ma, W., & Zheng, H. (2022). Heterogeneous impacts of information technology adoption on pesticide and fertiliser expenditures: Evidence from wheat farmers in China. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 66(1), 72-92.
Mahdavian, S. M., Askari, F., Kioumarsi, H., Naseri Harsini, R., Dehghanzadeh, H., & Saboori, B. (2024). Modeling the linkage between climate change, CH4 emissions, and land use with Iran’s livestock production: A food security perspective. Natural Resources Forum, 1–24.
Mathava, K. and Ligy, P. (2006). Adsorption and desorption characteristics of hydrophobic pesticide endosulfan in four Indian soils. Chemosphere, 62, 1064–1077.
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