پلیمرها و حلال های مورداستفاده در ساخت غشاء: مروری متمرکز بر توسعه پایدار غشاء
الموضوعات :
فرزاد مهرجو
1
(گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، مرکز آموزش عالی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: غشاهای پلیمری, حلال مشتق زیستی, جداسازی فاز ناشی از غیرحلال, ساخت غشاء, افزایش مقیاس,
ملخص المقالة :
فناوری غشایی به دلیل سهولت نسبی در ساخت و بهرهبرداری، نرخ گزینشپذیری بالا و عدم احیای جاذب، یک دهه در جداسازی مایع و گاز مورداستفاده شده است. غشاها را میتوان بر اساس ماده سنتز طبقهبندی کرد و به غشاهای آلی (پلیمری) و غیر آلی تقسیم میشوند. روش‌های مختلفی برای ساخت غشاهای پلیمری با روش جداسازی فاز ناشی از حلال (Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation) که یکی از پرکاربردترین آن‌ها میباشد، استفاده شده است. در NIPS، یک حلال یا مخلوط حلال برای حل کردن یک پلیمر یا مخلوط پلیمری موردنیاز است. N متیل 2 پیرولدین (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone)، دیمتیلاستامید (Dimethylacetamide)، دیمتیلفرمامید (Dimethylformamide) و سایر حلالهای مشتق شده از نفت معمولاً برای حل کردن برخی از پلیمرهای نفتی استفاده میشوند. با اینحال، این اجزاء ممکن است اثرات منفی بر محیطزیست و سلامت انسان داشته باشند. بنابراین، استفاده از اجزاء سبزتر و کمتر سمی برای افزایش پایداری ساخت غشاء از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. ساختار شیمیایی غشاها تحت تأثیر استفاده از حلالها، پلیمرهای مختلف یا تفاوت در مقیاس ساخت قرار نمیگیرد. از سوی دیگر، ساختار منافذ غشاء و زبری سطح می‌تواند به دلیل تفاوت در نرخ‌های انتشار مرتبط با انتشار حلالها/کمک حلالهای مختلف در غیرحلال و با تفاوت در زمان تبخیر تغییر کند. بنابراین، در این بررسی، حلالها و پلیمرهای دخیل در فرآیند ساخت غشاها پیشنهاد شده‌اند که با جایگزین‌های سبزتر/کمتر سمی جایگزین شوند. روشها و امکانسنجی تولید غشای پلیمری سبز نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
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