مروری بر کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی در پیش‌بینی رخداد و تشخیص بیماری‌ها در دامپزشکی: چالش‌ها و تکنیک‌ها
الموضوعات :
مهدی باشی‌زاده
1
,
پرهام صوفی‌زاده
2
,
مهدی ضمیری
3
,
آیدا لامعی
4
,
متین ستوده‌نژاد
5
,
مهسا دانشمند
6
,
ملیکا قدرتی
7
,
اریکا عیسوی
8
,
حسام الدین اکبرین
9
1 - بخش اپیدمیولوژی و بیماری‌های مشترک، گروه بهداشت و کنترل مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانش آموخته دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشجوی دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
4 - دانشجوی دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
5 - دانشجوی دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
6 - گروه علوم زیستی مقایسه‌ای، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
7 - دانشجوی دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
8 - دانشجوی دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
9 - بخش اپیدمیولوژی و بیماری‌های مشترک، گروه بهداشت و کنترل مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: هوش مصنوعی, دامپزشکی, پیش‌بینی, تشخیص,
ملخص المقالة :
تشخیص زودهنگام بیماری‌ها، یکی از هدف‌های اصلی دستگاه‌های بهداشتی و سلامت است. این تشخیص به‌موقع می‌تواند از آسیب‌های بالقوه‌ی بیماری‌ها بکاهد. اهمیت این مسأله در دامپزشکی به‌سبب تلفیق آن با هدف‌های اقتصادی نیز چندین برابر می‌شود. بنابراین وجود یک رویکرد پیش‌بینی‌کننده برای تشخیص زودهنگام بیماری‌ها ضروری است. این رویکرد باید مبتنی بر شواهد بوده و از دقت بالایی برخوردار باشد. هم‌چنین باید از نظر اقتصادی نیز صرفه‌ی بالایی داشته باشد. هوش مصنوعی توانایی یک کامپیوتر یا ربات کنترل‌شده توسط کامپیوتر برای انجام کارهایی است که معمولاً توسط انسان انجام می‌شود و به هوش و تشخیص انسان نیاز دارد. ظهور تکنیک‌های هوش مصنوعی و یادگیری ماشین در دنیای امروز، موجب بهبود عملکردهای موجود در سامانه‌های مراقبتی و بهداشتی شده است، به‌طوری که با به‌کارگیری این تکنولوژی، پیشرفت چشم‌گیری در رویه‌های پیش‌بینی رخداد و تشخیص بیماری‌ها، مدیریت و بهداشت در سطح کلان و ... شده است. هم‌چنین نوع بیماری قابل تشخیص، می‌تواند بسیار گسترده باشد و هرنوع بیماری‌ای که دارای داده‌ی قابل پردازش با الگوریتم‌های هوش مصنوعی باشد، می‌تواند توسط مدل آموزش داده‌شده تشخیص داده شود، اما صحت تشخیص با توجه به شاخص‌های بیماری و داده‌ی جمع‌آوری‌شده و مواردی مانند این متفاوت خواهد بود. در این مقاله به مهم‌ترین کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی در دامپزشکی اشاره خواهد شد و به‌طور کلی، این کاربردها در حوزه‌های گوناگونی مانند تشخیص بیماری‌های شایع، تشخیص تفریقی، پیش‌بینی رخداد بیماری‌ها، تکنیک‌های تصویربرداری تشخیصی دامپزشکی، کلینیکال پاتولوژی دامپزشکی و ... مورد بررسی قرار خواهند گرفت. علاوه بر این به چالش‌های موجود در این زمینه نیز اشاره خواهد شد. این مقاله مروری بر مطالعه‌های موجود در این زمینه است.
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