تاثیر هویت قومی و موقعیت جغرافیایی بر عملکرد تحصیلی دانش آموزان
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشگاه دولتی یاسوج
الکلمات المفتاحية: هویت قومی, موقعیت جغرافیایی, عملکرد تحصیلی دانش آموزان,
ملخص المقالة :
قومیت به گروهي اشاره دارد که با ويژگي هاي تشريحي، بنيادي از قبيل دين ، مذهب ، زبان ، آداب و رسوم و ميراث تاريخي و فرهنگي از ساير گروه هاي اجتماعي که پيوستگي و همبستگي نژادي دارند متمايز مي شوند. اين عوامل سبب مي شود تا فرد از آنها براي برقراري رابطه با ساير اقوام يا افراد و گروه هايي از آنها استفاده کند قوميت هم داراي مؤلفه هاي ذهني و هم عيني است که عبارتند از : علاقه و آگاهي ذهني از هويت ، تعلق ، منابع مشترک ، علايق مشترک ، اشتراکات عيني فرهنگي در زبان پيشينه ي تاريخي دين و سرزمين مشترک." این مطالعه که در پس زمینه یک نفرت قومی برانگیخته سیاسی بین منطقه شمالی و بقیه قرار دارد، رابطه بین مناطق مبدأ دانش آموزان و عملکرد تحصیلی آنها در آموزش عالی جهان را برای کمک به حمایت مناسب از دانش آموزان و عادات مطالعه سالم نشان می‌دهد. تجزیه و تحلیل موضوعی داده‌های محققان نشان داد که دانش‌آموزان بر این باورند که تلاش بدون در نظر گرفتن منطقه مبدا، در عملکرد تحصیلی اهمیت بیشتری دارد. مفاهیمی برای سیاست آموزشی که از عادات مطالعه سالم برای افزایش پیشرفت، حفظ و خودکارآمدی دانش‌آموز در مورد موفقیت استفاده می‌کند، مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد.
المصادر:
[1] U. Moffitt, L.P. Juang, M. Syed ‘We don't do that in Germany!’ A critical race theory examination of Turkish heritage young adults' school experiences Ethnicities, 19 (5) (Oct. 2019), pp. 830-857,
[2] J.S. Phinney Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of Research (1990) Google Scholar
[3] R.M. Sellers, M.A. Smith, J.N. Shelton, S.A.J. Rowley, T.M. Chavous Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity A Reconceptualization of African American Racial Identity (1998) Google Scholar
[4] S. Salem, V. Thompson Old racisms, new masks: on the continuing discontinuities of racism and the erasure of race in European contexts Nineteen Sixty Nine: An Ethnic Stud. J., 3 (1) (2016), pp. 1-24 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[5] K. Cotton School size, school climate, and student performance School Improvement Research Series, Research You Can Use (May 1996) http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/10/c020.html (accessed Jan. 13, 2023) Google Scholar
[6] X. Chen, A. Saafir, S. Graham Ethnicity, peers, and academic achievement: who wants to be friends with the smart kids? J. Youth Adolesc., 49 (5) (May 2020), pp. 1030-1042, 10.1007/s10964-019-01189-7
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[7] K.M. Phiri Some changes in the matrilineal family system among the Chewa of Malawi since the nineteenth century J. Afr. Hist., 24 (2) (1983), pp. 257-274, 10.1017/S0021853700021976
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[8] J. McCracken The ambiguities of nationalism: flax musopole and the northern factor in Malawian politics, c. 1956-1966 J. South Afr. Stud., 28 (1) (2001), pp. 67-87, 10.1080/03057070120116980
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[9] National_Statistical_Office 2008 Population and Housing Census (2008) Google Scholar
[10] I.C. LambaThe plight of secular education for African Muslims in Malawi: a historical perspective up to 1961 J. Educ. Adm. Hist., 31 (1) (1999), pp. 1-18, 10.1080/0022062990310101
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[11] I.C. Lamb The Cape Dutch Reformed Church Mission in Malawi: a preliminary historical examination of its educational philosophy and application, 1889-1931 Hist. Educ. Q., 24 (3) (1984), p. 373, 10.2307/368014 Google Scholar
[12] NSO, OPHI, UNDP
Malawi Multidimensional Poverty Index Lilongwe (2021) www.nsomalawi.mw Google Scholar
[13] ActionAid
Low Quality of Public Schools Drives Parents towards Private Education in Malawi
Lilongwe (2017), pp. 1-8 Google Scholar
[14] G. Reniers
Divorce and remarriage in rural Malawi Demogr. Res., 9 (SUPPL. 1) (Sep. 2003), pp. 175-206, 10.4054/demres.2003.s1.6 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[15] S. Ejdemyr, E. Kramon, A.L. Robinson
Segregation, ethnic favoritism, and the strategic targeting of local Public goods Comp. Polit. Stud., 51 (9) (2018), pp. 1111-1143, 10.1177/0010414017730079 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[16] V. Čavojová, E.B. Mikušková
Does intelligence predict academic achievement? Two case studies
Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 174 (2015), pp. 3462-3469, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1019
View PDFView articleGoogle Scholar
[17] J.P. Rushton, A.R. Jensen
Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability
Psychol. Publ. Pol. Law, 11 (2) (2005), pp. 235-294, 10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[18] D. Miller-Cotto, J.P. Byrnes
Ethnic/racial identity and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review Mosby Inc. Dev. Review, 41 (2016), pp. 51-70, 10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.003 View PDFView articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[19] K. Spiess, K. Wrohlich
The parental leave benefit reform in Germany: costs and labour market outcomes of moving towards the nordic model
Popul. Res. Pol. Rev., 27 (5) (2008), pp. 575-591 https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:27:y:2008:i:5
CrossRefView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[20] P.J. Kpolovie
Intelligence and academic achievement: a longitudinal survey Int. J. Health and Psychol. Res., 5 (1) (2017), pp. 33-70
[Online]. Available: www.eajournals.org Google Scholar
[21] K. Iqbal, S.R. Chaudhry, H.N. Lodhi, S. Khaliq, M. Taseer, M. Saeed
Relationship between IQ and academic performance of medical students
Prof. Med. J., 28 (2) (Feb. 2021), pp. 242-246, 10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.02.4348 Google Scholar
[22] S. Bergold, R. Steinmayr
Personality and intelligence interact in the prediction of academic achievement J. Intell., 6 (2) (2018), pp. 1-18, 10.3390/jintelligence6020027 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[23] H. Rindermann
The g -factor of international cognitive ability comparisons: the homogeneity of results in PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and IQ-tests across nations Eur. J. Pers., 21 (November 2006) (2007), pp. 667-706, 10.1002/per.634 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[24] B. Shaw, S. Baars, L. Menzies -Lkmco Meena Parameshwaran, R. Allen -Education Datalab
“Low-income pupils' progress at secondary school,” London Accessed: Nov. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/594363/Progress_at_Secondary_School_report_final.pdf (2017) Google Scholar
[25] T.D. Snyder, S.A. Dillow
Digest of Education Statistics (NCES 2011-001),” Washington DC Accessed: Nov. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available:
(2012) http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch Google Scholar
[26] T. Thiele, A. Singleton, D. Pope, D. Stanistreet
Predicting students' academic performance based on school and socio-demographic characteristics Stud. High Educ., 41 (8) (2016), pp. 1424-1446, 10.1080/03075079.2014.974528 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[27] I. Ciorbea, F. Pasarica
The study of the relationship between personality and academic performance Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 78 (2013), pp. 400-404, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.319 View PDFView articleGoogle Scholar
[28] S.E. Dahill-Brown, J.F. Witte, B. Wolfe
Income and access to higher education: are high quality universities becoming more or less elite? A longitudinal case study of admissions at UW-Madison RSF, 2 (1) (Apr. 2016), pp. 69-89, 10.7758/rsf.2016.2.1.04 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[29] S. Claro, D. Paunesku, C.S. Dweck
Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113 (31) (2016), pp. 8664-8668, 10.1073/pnas.1608207113 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[30] S.P. Baliyan, D. Khama
How distance to school and study hours after school influence students' performance in mathematics and English: a comparative analysis J Educ Elearn Res, 7 (2) (2020), pp. 209-217, 10.20448/JOURNAL.509.2020.72.209.217 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[31] M.S. Rammala
Factors Contributing towards Poor Performance of Grade 12 Learners at Manoshi and Mokwatedi High Schools
Limpopo province, Johanesburg (2009)
Google Scholar
[32] O. Samson Balogun, S. Adewale Olaleye, O. Joshua, O. Joshua Ibidoja
Academic performance: an approach of tau statistic
University Student's Academic Performance: an Approach of Tau Statistic” Proceedings of the 36th International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Granada, Spain (Nov. 2020), pp. 6169-6181 [Online]. Available: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
Google Scholar
[33] D. Elger
Faculty Guidebook Faculty Development Series,” Pacific Crest (2007)Google Scholar
[34] J.K. Rugutt, C.C. Chemosit
A study of factors that influence college academic achievement: a structural equation modeling approach
J. Educ. Res. Policy Stud., 5 (1) (2005), pp. 66-90 Google Scholar
[35] K.D. Toomey, E.M. Levinson, E.J. Palmer
A test of holland's theory of vocational personalities and work environments
J. Employ. Counsel., 46 (2) (2009), pp. 82-93, 10.1002/j.2161-1920.2009.tb00070.x View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[36] S.F. Reardon
The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations
Russel Sage Foundation (2011), 10.1080/15582159.2013.759847 Google Scholar
[37] C.A. Harris, R. Modak Mylroie Harris
Ethnic identity and the adolescent's academic performance
Ideas and Research You Can Use: VISTAS 2016 (2016), pp. 1-11 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[38] H. Lee
Journal of Negro Education the Effects of School Racial and Ethnic Composition on Academic Achievement during (2007) [Online]. Available:
http://www.jstor.orgURLhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/40034554http://www.jstor.org/stable/40034554?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents Google Scholar
[39] J. McKendree Ethnicity and academic performance BMJ, 342 (7800) (2011), p. 724, 10.1136/bmj.d1943 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[40] B.D. Baker, C. Keller-Wolff, L. Wolf-Wendel
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Race/Ethnicity and Student Achievement in Education Policy Research (2000) Google Scholar
[41] M.B. Spencer, E. Noll, J. Stoltzfus, V. Harpalani
Identity and school adjustment: revisiting the ‘acting White’ assumption Educ. Psychol., 36 (1) (2001), pp. 21-30, 10.1207/S15326985EP3601_3 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[42] M. Estela Zarate, F. Bhimji, L. Reese
Ethnic identity and academic achievement among latino/a adolescents
J. Latinos Educ., 4 (2) (Apr. 2005), pp. 95-114, 10.1207/s1532771xjle0402_3 Google Scholar
[43] S. Sue, S. Okazaki
Asian-American Educational Achievements A Phenomenon in Search of an Explanation
(1990) Google Scholar
[44] M.S. Farooq, A.H. Chaudhry, M. Shafiq, G. Berhanu Factors affecting students' quality of academic performance: a case of secondary school level J. Qual. Technol. Manag., VII (2011), pp. 1-14 CrossRefView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[45] Y. Jiang
How socioeconomic status affects academic performance
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021), Atlantis Press (May 2021), 10.2991/assehr.k.210519.255 Google Scholar
[46] S. Wang
The influence of family background and parents' education level on the income of their children
Acad. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 4 (7) (2021), 10.25236/ajhss.2021.040707 Google Scholar
[47] S.B. Kaufman, M.R. Reynolds, X. Liu, A.S. Kaufman, K.S. McGrew
Are cognitive g and academic achievement g one and the same g? An exploration on the Woodcock-Johnson and Kaufman tests Intelligence, 40 (2) (2012), pp. 123-138, 10.1016/j.intell.2012.01.009 View PDFView articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[1] U. Moffitt, L.P. Juang, M. Syed ‘We don't do that in Germany!’ A critical race theory examination of Turkish heritage young adults' school experiences Ethnicities, 19 (5) (Oct. 2019), pp. 830-857,
[2] J.S. Phinney Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of Research (1990) Google Scholar
[3] R.M. Sellers, M.A. Smith, J.N. Shelton, S.A.J. Rowley, T.M. Chavous Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity A Reconceptualization of African American Racial Identity (1998) Google Scholar
[4] S. Salem, V. Thompson Old racisms, new masks: on the continuing discontinuities of racism and the erasure of race in European contexts Nineteen Sixty Nine: An Ethnic Stud. J., 3 (1) (2016), pp. 1-24 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[5] K. Cotton School size, school climate, and student performance School Improvement Research Series, Research You Can Use (May 1996) http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/10/c020.html (accessed Jan. 13, 2023) Google Scholar
[6] X. Chen, A. Saafir, S. Graham Ethnicity, peers, and academic achievement: who wants to be friends with the smart kids? J. Youth Adolesc., 49 (5) (May 2020), pp. 1030-1042, 10.1007/s10964-019-01189-7
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[7] K.M. Phiri Some changes in the matrilineal family system among the Chewa of Malawi since the nineteenth century J. Afr. Hist., 24 (2) (1983), pp. 257-274, 10.1017/S0021853700021976
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[8] J. McCracken The ambiguities of nationalism: flax musopole and the northern factor in Malawian politics, c. 1956-1966 J. South Afr. Stud., 28 (1) (2001), pp. 67-87, 10.1080/03057070120116980
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[9] National_Statistical_Office 2008 Population and Housing Census (2008) Google Scholar
[10] I.C. LambaThe plight of secular education for African Muslims in Malawi: a historical perspective up to 1961 J. Educ. Adm. Hist., 31 (1) (1999), pp. 1-18, 10.1080/0022062990310101
View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[11] I.C. Lamb The Cape Dutch Reformed Church Mission in Malawi: a preliminary historical examination of its educational philosophy and application, 1889-1931 Hist. Educ. Q., 24 (3) (1984), p. 373, 10.2307/368014 Google Scholar
[12] NSO, OPHI, UNDP
Malawi Multidimensional Poverty Index Lilongwe (2021) www.nsomalawi.mw Google Scholar
[13] ActionAid
Low Quality of Public Schools Drives Parents towards Private Education in Malawi
Lilongwe (2017), pp. 1-8 Google Scholar
[14] G. Reniers
Divorce and remarriage in rural Malawi Demogr. Res., 9 (SUPPL. 1) (Sep. 2003), pp. 175-206, 10.4054/demres.2003.s1.6 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[15] S. Ejdemyr, E. Kramon, A.L. Robinson
Segregation, ethnic favoritism, and the strategic targeting of local Public goods Comp. Polit. Stud., 51 (9) (2018), pp. 1111-1143, 10.1177/0010414017730079 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[16] V. Čavojová, E.B. Mikušková
Does intelligence predict academic achievement? Two case studies
Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 174 (2015), pp. 3462-3469, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1019
View PDFView articleGoogle Scholar
[17] J.P. Rushton, A.R. Jensen
Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability
Psychol. Publ. Pol. Law, 11 (2) (2005), pp. 235-294, 10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[18] D. Miller-Cotto, J.P. Byrnes
Ethnic/racial identity and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review Mosby Inc. Dev. Review, 41 (2016), pp. 51-70, 10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.003 View PDFView articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[19] K. Spiess, K. Wrohlich
The parental leave benefit reform in Germany: costs and labour market outcomes of moving towards the nordic model
Popul. Res. Pol. Rev., 27 (5) (2008), pp. 575-591 https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:27:y:2008:i:5
CrossRefView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[20] P.J. Kpolovie
Intelligence and academic achievement: a longitudinal survey Int. J. Health and Psychol. Res., 5 (1) (2017), pp. 33-70
[Online]. Available: www.eajournals.org Google Scholar
[21] K. Iqbal, S.R. Chaudhry, H.N. Lodhi, S. Khaliq, M. Taseer, M. Saeed
Relationship between IQ and academic performance of medical students
Prof. Med. J., 28 (2) (Feb. 2021), pp. 242-246, 10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.02.4348 Google Scholar
[22] S. Bergold, R. Steinmayr
Personality and intelligence interact in the prediction of academic achievement J. Intell., 6 (2) (2018), pp. 1-18, 10.3390/jintelligence6020027 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[23] H. Rindermann
The g -factor of international cognitive ability comparisons: the homogeneity of results in PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and IQ-tests across nations Eur. J. Pers., 21 (November 2006) (2007), pp. 667-706, 10.1002/per.634 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[24] B. Shaw, S. Baars, L. Menzies -Lkmco Meena Parameshwaran, R. Allen -Education Datalab
“Low-income pupils' progress at secondary school,” London Accessed: Nov. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/594363/Progress_at_Secondary_School_report_final.pdf (2017) Google Scholar
[25] T.D. Snyder, S.A. Dillow
Digest of Education Statistics (NCES 2011-001),” Washington DC Accessed: Nov. 06, 2022. [Online]. Available:
(2012) http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch Google Scholar
[26] T. Thiele, A. Singleton, D. Pope, D. Stanistreet
Predicting students' academic performance based on school and socio-demographic characteristics Stud. High Educ., 41 (8) (2016), pp. 1424-1446, 10.1080/03075079.2014.974528 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[27] I. Ciorbea, F. Pasarica
The study of the relationship between personality and academic performance Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 78 (2013), pp. 400-404, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.319 View PDFView articleGoogle Scholar
[28] S.E. Dahill-Brown, J.F. Witte, B. Wolfe
Income and access to higher education: are high quality universities becoming more or less elite? A longitudinal case study of admissions at UW-Madison RSF, 2 (1) (Apr. 2016), pp. 69-89, 10.7758/rsf.2016.2.1.04 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[29] S. Claro, D. Paunesku, C.S. Dweck
Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113 (31) (2016), pp. 8664-8668, 10.1073/pnas.1608207113 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[30] S.P. Baliyan, D. Khama
How distance to school and study hours after school influence students' performance in mathematics and English: a comparative analysis J Educ Elearn Res, 7 (2) (2020), pp. 209-217, 10.20448/JOURNAL.509.2020.72.209.217 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[31] M.S. Rammala
Factors Contributing towards Poor Performance of Grade 12 Learners at Manoshi and Mokwatedi High Schools
Limpopo province, Johanesburg (2009)
Google Scholar
[32] O. Samson Balogun, S. Adewale Olaleye, O. Joshua, O. Joshua Ibidoja
Academic performance: an approach of tau statistic
University Student's Academic Performance: an Approach of Tau Statistic” Proceedings of the 36th International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Granada, Spain (Nov. 2020), pp. 6169-6181 [Online]. Available: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
Google Scholar
[33] D. Elger
Faculty Guidebook Faculty Development Series,” Pacific Crest (2007)Google Scholar
[34] J.K. Rugutt, C.C. Chemosit
A study of factors that influence college academic achievement: a structural equation modeling approach
J. Educ. Res. Policy Stud., 5 (1) (2005), pp. 66-90 Google Scholar
[35] K.D. Toomey, E.M. Levinson, E.J. Palmer
A test of holland's theory of vocational personalities and work environments
J. Employ. Counsel., 46 (2) (2009), pp. 82-93, 10.1002/j.2161-1920.2009.tb00070.x View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[36] S.F. Reardon
The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations
Russel Sage Foundation (2011), 10.1080/15582159.2013.759847 Google Scholar
[37] C.A. Harris, R. Modak Mylroie Harris
Ethnic identity and the adolescent's academic performance
Ideas and Research You Can Use: VISTAS 2016 (2016), pp. 1-11 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[38] H. Lee
Journal of Negro Education the Effects of School Racial and Ethnic Composition on Academic Achievement during (2007) [Online]. Available:
http://www.jstor.orgURLhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/40034554http://www.jstor.org/stable/40034554?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents Google Scholar
[39] J. McKendree Ethnicity and academic performance BMJ, 342 (7800) (2011), p. 724, 10.1136/bmj.d1943 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[40] B.D. Baker, C. Keller-Wolff, L. Wolf-Wendel
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Race/Ethnicity and Student Achievement in Education Policy Research (2000) Google Scholar
[41] M.B. Spencer, E. Noll, J. Stoltzfus, V. Harpalani
Identity and school adjustment: revisiting the ‘acting White’ assumption Educ. Psychol., 36 (1) (2001), pp. 21-30, 10.1207/S15326985EP3601_3 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[42] M. Estela Zarate, F. Bhimji, L. Reese
Ethnic identity and academic achievement among latino/a adolescents
J. Latinos Educ., 4 (2) (Apr. 2005), pp. 95-114, 10.1207/s1532771xjle0402_3 Google Scholar
[43] S. Sue, S. Okazaki
Asian-American Educational Achievements A Phenomenon in Search of an Explanation
(1990) Google Scholar
[44] M.S. Farooq, A.H. Chaudhry, M. Shafiq, G. Berhanu Factors affecting students' quality of academic performance: a case of secondary school level J. Qual. Technol. Manag., VII (2011), pp. 1-14 CrossRefView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
[45] Y. Jiang
How socioeconomic status affects academic performance
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021), Atlantis Press (May 2021), 10.2991/assehr.k.210519.255 Google Scholar
[46] S. Wang
The influence of family background and parents' education level on the income of their children
Acad. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 4 (7) (2021), 10.25236/ajhss.2021.040707 Google Scholar
[47] S.B. Kaufman, M.R. Reynolds, X. Liu, A.S. Kaufman, K.S. McGrew
Are cognitive g and academic achievement g one and the same g? An exploration on the Woodcock-Johnson and Kaufman tests Intelligence, 40 (2) (2012), pp. 123-138, 10.1016/j.intell.2012.01.009 View PDFView articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
