کاربرد نشانگر های مولکولی در مطالعات زیست‌شناسی حفاظت
الموضوعات :
نفیسه مومنی
1
(گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
محسن احمدپور
2
(عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه مازندران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: نشانگر مولکولی, ژنتیک حفاظت, حفاظت محیط زیست, حیات وحش,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: دانش مولکولی نقش مهمی در زمینه حفاظت و پایداری گونه‌های جانوری دارد. مطالعات زیست‌شناسی حفاظت برای شناسایی جمعیت‌های رو به کاهش ضروری است تا بتوان برنامه‌های مدیریتی بهتری برای احیای آنها درنظر گرفت. با وجود پیشرفت دانش مولکولی، روزانه مطالعات بسیاری در زمینه شناخت بهتر نشانگرهای مولکولی انجام می‌شود. هدف: در این مطالعه، نشانگرهای ژنتیکی بهکار رفته در بیش از 100 مقاله فارسی و انگلیسی بررسی شد. مواد و روش: این منابع از میان مطالعاتی در زمینه زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، زیست‌شناسی و اکولوژی مولکولی، نشانگرهای مولکولی و سایر موضوعات مرتبط انتخاب شد تا با مقایسه آنها، الگوی واضح‌تری از کاربرد هر نشانگر در زمینه زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، ارائه گردد. یافته‌ها: به‌طور کلی، کاربرد هر نشانگر مولکولی تنها به یک مورد محدود نیست اما در بسیاری از موارد می‌توان به وجود رابطه مشخصی میان ویژگی‌های هر نشانگر و بیشترین کاربرد آن دست یافت. بحث: با این حال در انتخاب نشانگر مناسب در هر مطالعه حفاظتی در زمینه حیات وحش، مراحل زیر پیشنهاد می‌شود: 1) شناخت گونه مورد مطالعه 2) بررسی سوال یا مشکل حفاظتی 3) شناخت نشانگرهای مولکولی. همچنین، توجه به نرخ جهش و میزان تغییرپذیری در میان نشانگرهای هستهای و میتوکندریایی میتواند در انتخاب نشانگر مناسب نقش مفیدی داشته باشد. اما برای رسیدن به اطلاعات ژنتیکی و اکولوژیکی صحیح در زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، اصول ژنتیک جمعیت و تکامل مولکولی نیازمند آموزش جامعتری است تا با مقایسه همه جانبه نتایج مولکولی با سایر علوم و کنترل کیفی ژن توالی‌یابی شده به نتایج قابل استناد‌تری در زمینه ژنتیکی و حفاظتی رسید.
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