تأثیر مداخلة گروهیِ مبتنی بر برنامه دی روزیر بر کاهش مشکلاتِ برون‌ریزی شدة کودکانِ مبتلا به اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا
الموضوعات :
احمد یارمحمدیان
1
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
افسانه رحیمی
2
()
احمد عابدی
3
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
سالار فرامرزی
4
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
الکلمات المفتاحية: مداخلة گـروهی مهارت های اجتماعی مشکلات برون‌ریزی شده اختلال اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا مقیاس درجه بندی بهبود مهارت های اجتماعی,
ملخص المقالة :
با توجه به افزایش میزان شیوع اختلال طیف اُتیسم، متخصصان نیازمند دسترسی و بررسی برنامه هایی هستند که با هدف بهبود مشکلات اساسی این کودکان طراحی شده اند. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اثربخشی مداخلة گروهیِ مبتنی بر برنامه دی روزیر بر کاهش مشکلات برون ریزی شدة کودکانِ مبتلا به اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا پرداخته است. این پژوهش در چارچوب طرح تک آزمودنی و با استفاده از روش (A-B-A) اجرا شد. جامعة آماری این پژوهش از کودکان مبتلا به اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا در شهر اصفهان تشکیل می شد. با استفاده از نمونه گیری هدفمند، 3 دانش‌آموز انتخاب شدند. خط پایة عملکرد آنان با استفاده از خرده مقیاس مشکلات برون ریزی شده (مقیاس درجه بندی بهبود مهارت های اجتماعی SSIS) ترسیم شد. جلسات آموزشی در قالب 20 جلسة 40 دقیقه ای به وسیلة محقق برگزار گردیدند. ارزیابی ها حین درمان، و به منظور پیگیری نتایج آموزش، یک ماه بعد به وسیلة مربی ویژة این کودکان به عمل آمد. براساس نتایج تحلیل دیداری داده ها، این برنامه در زمینة کاهش مشکلات رفتاری برون ریزی شده درصد داده های ناهمپوش (PND) برای آزمودنی ها به ترتیب، %100، %71/85، %100) مؤثر بوده است. نتایج به دست آمده از درصد داده های بالاتر از میانه (PEM)، جفت های نا همپوش(NAP)، تای کندال همراه با یو مان ـ ویتنی (TauU) (حداقل %85) حاکی از اثربخشی این برنامه است. بر این اساس، بهبود مهارت های اجتماعی در بافت گروهی و با ترکیب روش‌های شناختی ـ رفتاری و یادگیری اجتماعی، رشد تجارب ارتباطیِ مثبت و کاهش مشکلات رفتاری را برای این گروه از کودکان به دنبال خواهد داشت.
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