شناسایی و اولویت بندی روش های یادگیری غیررسمی معلمان دوره اول متوسطه
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشگده علوم انسانی
الکلمات المفتاحية: اولویت بندی, یادگیری غیررسمی, معلمان, دوره متوسطه,
ملخص المقالة :
آنچه از بررسی آموزش رسمی و غیررسمی مسلم است تفاوت فاحش سهم این دو نوع یادگیری است. به طوری که تحقیقات مختلف نشان می دهند بیشترین سهم یادگیری معلمان از طریق روش های آموزش غیررسمی حاصل می شود. لذا، هدف از انجام دادن این پژوهش شناسایی و اولویت بندی روش های یادگیری غیررسمی معلمان دوره اول متوسطه است. به این منظور، با به کارگیری رویکرد روایتی و ابزار مصاحبه های واقعه محور، تجربه های ده نفر از معلمان شایسته دوره اول متوسطه در ارتباط با روش های یادگیری غیررسمی آنان شناسایی شده است . پس از کدگذاری سه مرحله ای، در مجموع هفت مقوله و 15 روش یادگیری برای معلمان دوره متوسطه شناسایی شد. به منظور اولویت بندی روش های یادگیری غیررسمی معلمان دوره متوسطه 356 پرسشنامه توزیع و جمع آوری شده است. نتایج آزمون فریدمن نشان می دهد روش های یادگیری تعامل با معلمان با تجربه و توانمند، یادگیری از طریق تعامل و گفت وگو با دوستان تخصصی خارج از مدرسه و منطقه، یادگیری از طریق طرح مسائل و مشکلات کاری در حلقه های علمی، یادگیری از طریق انجام تحقیق شخصی در خصوص مشکل پیش آمده در کلاس چهار روش یادگیری با اولویت بالاتر در بین معلمان دوره متوسطه است.
1- poor shafaei Hadi (1385). A Look at the Professional Teacher's Role in the Learning System, Factor Brokerage Magazine, p. 6 and 7, p. 3
2- Abbafh Zohreh, Frosatkhah, maghsood. Mehr Alizadeh, Yadollah. Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh (2015). Reflection on the professional qualifications of teachers in curriculum studies.. Journal of Educational Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Autumn and Winter 1393, Sixth Period, Year 21 Issue 2, pp: 182-157
3- Unesco (2010) ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standards Modul Available at: http://www.unesco.org/en/competency-standards-teachers
4- Schugurensky،Danie (2000).theformaofinformallearning: towards conceptualization of the field. WALL Working Paper No.19
5- Cameron ،Roslyn،. Harrison Jennifer L (2012). The interrelatedness of formal, non-formal and informal learning: Evidence from labour market program participants. Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 52, Number 2.
6- Ndem, Joseph Ukah (2016). “Mechanisms for Enhancing Teachers' effectiveness in the Implementation of Agricultural Science Programmed in Secondary Schools in Afikpo Education Zone of Ebonyi State. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.7, No.4
7- Fuzi, Beatrix; Suplicz, Sándor (2016). The Indicators of the Quality and Changes of Teachers' Work. Universal Journal of Educational Research 4(8): 1815-1827.
8- Baliyan, Som Pal; Moorad, Fazlur Rehman (2018). Teaching Effectiveness in Private Higher Education Institutions in Botswana: Analysis of Students' Perceptions. International Journal of Higher Education, v7 n3 p143-155.
9- Wayne, Andrew; Garet, Michael; Wellington, Alison; Chiang, Hanley (2018). Promoting Educator Effectiveness: The Effects of Two Key Strategies. NCEE 2018-4009. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance
10- daneshpajoh, Zahra (2003). Evaluation of Professional Skills of Teachers and Methods of Its Inductance, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, Second Year, No. 6, pp. 93-71.
11- Daneshpajoh Zahra, Farzad Wali (2006). Evaluation of Professional Skills of Primary Teachers, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovation, Vol. 5, No. 18, pp.170-
12- khoshoni , Aqdas (2013). Assessing the quality of in-service training courses for the new high school in terms of attendance at the time in Tehran
13- Sorohan, E.G (1993)." We do؛ therefore, we learn”. training and development.Vol.47 No 10
14- Lohman, m.c (2006). Factors influencing teacher’s engagement in informal learning activities. Journal of work place learning. Vol .18. No3.pp.147-156.
15- Nadi, Mohammad Ali; Sajjadian, Ilnaz (2009). Activities, environmental barriers and individual characteristics affecting the informal learning of the teachers of the city of Isfahan. Educational Innovation Quarterly, Volume 8, Number 30, pp. 185-156.
16- Straka, G. A. (2010). “Informal and implicit learning: concepts, communalities and differences”. European Journal of Vocational Training, 43(8), 132-145.
17- Nawab ali(2012).The Informal Learning Approaches of Teachers in a Secondary School in Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development.vol 1,No.1. issn:2226-6348
18- Harrison, P. (2011). “Learning culture, line manager and HR professional practice”. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35(9), 914- 928.
19-shirbaegi nasser Mohammadi, Fardin, Mohammadi, Jamal (2013). The Relationship Between Teachers' Knowledge of Secondary Education Objectives and Educational Effectiveness (Case Study of Secondary School High School Students of Sanandaj). Two Quarterly Plans for Educational Studies. second year. Number 3 •
20- Aminfar, Morteza, Pourmajir, Ali Taghi and Bagheri, Seifali (2009) A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Teachers Learned from Higher Education and Teaching Teaching Centers, Journal of Management Education Research, Winter, No. 2, pp. 37-56
21- Zaki, Mohammad Ali (2010) The Organizational Effectiveness of School and Its Relationship with Educational Characteristics of Teachers, Journal of Humanities, Imam Hossein University, Islamic Azad University, No. 80, Pages: 172-147
22- Akbari, Ali (2015). Analysis of Cost Effectiveness of Secondary Education Courses in Secondary School Teachers of Birjand City in the academic year of 90-89. Master's Degree in Educational Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tehran, not published.
23- bashokooh Muhammad, and Pooramini Zahra (1395). "Explaining a Method for informal Learning of Principals and Assistants of Secondary Schools in Ardabil". Journal of Psychological Studies, Volume 5, Issue 3 / 23-7
24-Noori Alaa (Sella Noori), Jafari Parivash, Ghorchian Nadargoli (2018). "Identifying the phenomenal factors and the conditions for the learning of teachers". Human Resources Education and Development, 1999, No. 15, Winter 1396, 82 -61
25- W. Monty Jone, Sara Dexter(2014). How teachers learn: the roles of formal, informal, and independent learning.Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass. Teaching and Learning Publications
26- Tišliar, Pavol (2017). The Development of Informal Learning and Museum Pedagogy in Museums. Vol 6(3). European Journal of Contemporary Education,
27- Deed, Craig; Alterator, Scott, (2017). Informal Learning Spaces and Their Impact on Learning in Secondary er Education: Framing New Narratives of Participation. – Journal of Learning Spaces
28- Alkhafaji, Alaa; Fallahkhair, Sanaz; Cocea, Mihaela (2015). Towards Gathering Initial Requirements of Developing a Mobile Service to Support Informal Learning at Cultural Heritage Sites. International Association for Development of the Information Society.
29- Pannoni, R. (2010). Beyond formal and informal learning-a practical taxonomy of learning for learning leaders. Routledge, Razor Learning Blog.
30- Suutari, V.; Viitala, V. (2008). “Management development of senior executives: methods and their effectiveness”. Personal Review, 37(4), 375-392
31- Cunningham, J.: Hillier, E. (2012). “Informal learning in the workplace: Key activities and processes”. Education and Training, 55(1), 37-51.
32- Clutterbuck, D. (2001). Everyone needs a mentor: fostering talent at work (3e). London: CIPD
33- Christine A. Eastman (2016). Professional development in coaching: towards a dynamic alliance of narrative and literature to transform the learning process. International journal of evidence based coaching and mentoring, 14 (2):1-14
34- Rynes, S. L.; Colbert, A. E.; Brown, K. G. (2002). “HR professional’s beliefs about effective human resource practice”. Human Resource Management, 41(2), 149-174.
35- Dunn, D. G. (2009). An analysis of informal learning in the 21 century workplace. Capella University.
36- Alonderiene, R. (2010). “Enhancing informal learning to improve job satisfaction: perspective of SMEs managers in Lithuania”. Baltic Journal Management, 5(2), 257-287.
37- Jeon, K. S.: Kim, K. N. (2012). “How do organizational and task factors influence informal learning in the workplace?” Human Resource Development, 15(2), 209-226.
38- Eraut, M (2011). “Informal Learning in the workplace: evidence on the real value of work-based learning (WBL)”. Development and Learning in Organizations, 25(5), 8-12.
39- Mills, Leila A. (2014). Possible Science Selves: Informal Learning and the Career Interest Development Process. 11 th International Association for Development of the Information Society
40- Schwier, Richard A.; Seaton, J. X (2013). A Comparison of Participation Patterns in Selected Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Online Learning Environments.volume 39(1) Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology
