حداقل‌سازي خطای چندمسیری گیرنده ارزان‌قیمت GPS با استفاده از روش‌هاي ترکیبی PSO-SVM و GA-SVM
الموضوعات :محمد شمس اسفند آبادی 1 , محمدحسين رفان 2 , عادل دمشقي 3
1 - دانشگاه شهید رجایی
2 - دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهيدرجايي
3 - دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهيدرجايي
الکلمات المفتاحية: GPSSVMGAPSOچندمسيري,
ملخص المقالة :
یکی از خطاهای بسیار تأثیرگذار بر مکان‌یابی دقیق GPS اثر چندمسیری مربوط به هر گیرنده است. چندمسیری، دریافت یک سیگنال توسط آنتن از بیش از یک مسیر است و این اثر یک منبع بزرگ خطای ناشناخته در مکان‌یابی است و با روش‌های تفاضلی حذف نمي‌شود. این اثر به طور گسترده‌ای وابسته به محیط‌های مختص هر گیرنده است و يک اثر فرکانس پايين است. هندسه بین ماهواره‌های GPS و مکان خاص هر گیرنده در روزهای نجومی تکرار می‌گردد و اثرات چندمسیری تمایل به رفتارهای مشابه در روزهای متوالی دارد. در این مقاله یک روش برای استخراج رفتار اثرات چندمسیری بر مشاهدات کد GPS اعمال شد و کاهش خطای چندمسيري موجب افزایش دقت مکان‌یابی مي‌شود. در روش پيشنهادي، سيگنال مانده بر اساس تفاضل دوگانه (DD) توليد شده و به عنوان ورودي الگوريتم پيشنهادي استفاده مي‌شود. برای تقریب و مدل‌سازی چندمسیری از مدل ماشین بردار پشتیبان (SVM) استفاده شده است. برای تعیین پارامترهای اساسی SVM و تابع کرنل آن از دو الگوریتم بهینه‌سازي گروهي ذرات (PSO) و الگوريتم ژنتيک (GA) استفاده شد. براي ارزيابي دقت روش پيشنهادي، شبیه‌سازي و آزمايشاتي بر اساس دو ايستگاه (مرجع و کاربر) و دو گيرنده ارزان‌قيمت طراحي شد، تست روش‌هاي پيشنهادي بر اساس داده واقعي انجام شد و آزمايشات نشان داد که خطای چندمسيري گيرنده ايستگاه کاربر بر اساس معيار RMS با این روش تا 70 درصد در حالت تست ايستا کاهش داشته است. مدل‌های این مقاله با برخی مدل‌های اخیر ارائه‌شده در زمینه کاهش خطای چندمسیری مقایسه شده‌اند. نتایج نشان داد که مدل پیشنهادی عملکرد بهتری نسبت به ساير روش‌ها داشته و از نتایج آن دقت بالا و پایداری نتایج در مکان‌یابی است. دقت مکان‌يابي سه‌بعدي پس از استفاده از روش پيشنهادي حدود 56% بهبود داشته و به 60/1 متر رسيده است
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