بررسی تطبیقی استماع شهادت شهود در داوری فضای مجازی در نظام‌های داوری آمریکا، اروپا و ایران
الموضوعات :مسعود اخوان فرد 1 , رضا شهیدی صادقی 2
1 - استادیارحقوق تجارت بین الملل ، گروه حقوق، موسسه آموزش عالی دانشگاه احرار، رشت، ایران.
2 - دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: داوری , فضای مجازی , استماع شهادت, جرح شهود , فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها.,
ملخص المقالة :
در عصر حاضر به جهت پیشرفت در فناوری‌های نوین ازجمله فضای مجازی، با فرصت‌های کمی و کیفی مواجهیم که ازجمله آن‌ها، مبحث استماع شهادت شهود در داوری فضای مجازی می‌باشد. استماع شهادت شهود در فضای مذکور به‌موجب تصریح و یا تلویح قوانین و کنوانسیون‌های معتبر بین‌المللی نظیر قانون نمونه داوری آنسیترال و قواعد داوری اتاق بازرگانی بین‌المللی و هم‌چنین با استنباط از مفهوم برخی از مقررات قوانین داوری داخلی ازجمله قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی و قانون داوری تجاری بین‌المللی و صراحت مقرر در قانون تجارت الکترونیک، مورد حمایت قانون‌گذار ایرانی قرار گرفته و علاوه بر آن، اعتبار قضایی نیز به آن اعطا شده است. در این مقاله که به روش توصیفی - تحلیلی صورت پذیرفته است، نگارندگان برآنند تا استماع شهادت شهود در داوری فضای مجازی را به‌صورت تطبیقی در نظام‌های داوری آمریکا، اروپا و ایران مورد بحث و بررسی قرار داده و در ادامه اعتبار قانونی و قضایی این شیوه استماع شهادت و نیز چگونگی جرح شهود و در نهایت فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های موجود در فرآیند استماع شهود در داوری فضای مجازی مورد واکاوی واقع گردد
Akhavan Fard, M. and Shahidi Sadeghi, R. (2019), An Introduction to Cyber Arbitration Law,
First Edition, Tehran: Majd Publications.
Debafer, S., (2015), The Evidence System in International Commercial Arbitration, First Edition,
Tehran: Dadnameh Publications.
Qajar Gheyunlu, Siamak (2012), Introduction to Cyber Law, First Edition, Tehran: Mizan Legal
Foundation.
Moghanian, M.A., (2013), Reasons for Proof of Claims in Domestic and International
Commercial Arbitration Systems with an Emphasis on Judicial Procedure, First
Edition, Tehran: Javande-e Jangal Publications.
Alessan, M., (2007), Online arbitration legal rules, Mofid Monthly Qom, No. 58.
Mehrafshan, A.R., (2011),Virtual Trials; A New Concept in Judicial Justice, Studies of Jurisprudence
and Private Law of Semnan University, 3rd Year, No. 5.
Commercial Arbitration Rules and Mediation Procedures,(2016), Including Procedures For Large,
Complex Commercial Disputes, (2016),American Arbitration Association, RulesAmended&
Effective October 1, 2013 Fee Schedule Amended and Effective.
Dispute Resolution and Information Technology Principles for Good Practice (Draft).(2007), National
Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council.
De La Hosseraye, J. de Giovanni, S and Huard, J – Bourgoi.,(2006), Arbitration in France, CMS Guide
to Arbitration, Vol I.
Dupeyron, C.,(2016), Shall Natianl Courts Assist Arbitral Tribunals in Gathering Evidence? ICCA
Mauritius.
D, Robert J. C, Canada, V.,(2015), Production of Electronic Documents in International Arbitration:
Issues, Ractice and Ethics.BLG: Borden Ladner Gervias. Singapore International
Arbitration Academy .
England Arbitration Act( 1996).
Epstein, L, Chair Hossain, N., Secretary,(2015), the International Commercial Disputes Committee
And the Arbitration Committee of the New York City Bar Association, A Model FederalL
Arbitration Summons to Testify and Present Documentary, Evidence at an Arbitration
Hearing, The Committee on Arbitration. Committee Members .
Federal Arbitration Act (USA) (1990).
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure december 1, (2017).
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure,(2014), with Forms, Printed for the Use of the Committee on the
Gudiciary House of Representatives.
France Arbitration Act, Decree No. 2011-48 of 13 January( 2011), Reforming The Law Governing
Arbitration.
France Arbitration Act Enacted in (1980 – 1981).
German Arbitration Act 1 January (1998).
Haas, A,. (2006),Texas Rio Grande Legal Aid, San Antonio, Texas, Videoconferencing in Immigration
Proceedings, University of New Hampshire Law Review, Number 1 Pierce Law Review,
Vol.5, No.1.
Melisa Blki, (2010),IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration Adopted By A
resolution Of the IBA Council , International Bar Association.
Javier, R.,(2004), International Commercial Arbitration: Reflections at the Crossroads of the
Common Law and Civil Law Traditions Perspective. This Article is Brought to You for Free
And Open Access by the Faculty Scholarship at Chicago Unbound. It has been Accepted For
Inclusion in Journal. Articles by an Authorized Administrator of Chicago Unbound.
Kliuchkovskyi, M. Partner., (2011), Ethical Issues, of Parties Witnesses and Counsel In International
Arbitration, Egorov Puginsky Afanasiev & Partners, Kiev Arbitration Days|17 - 18.
Lavi, D.,(2016), Three is not a Crowd: Online Mediation-Arbitration in Business to Consumer Internet
Dispute. Published by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository.
Lörcher, T., CMS ,(2018). Arbitratio in Germany. CMS Guide to Arbitration, Vol I.
Netherlands - Arbitration Act 1 December( 1986), Code of Civil Procedure - Book Four: Arbitration
Netherlands.
Nordenson, H and Öhrström, M, Setterwa.,(2017), Arbitartion In Sweden. Cms Guide to Arbitration, Vol
I. P. 862.
Online Dispute Resolution and the Courts(2016). JTC Resource Bulletin. Version 1.0. Adopted 30
Pendell, G and Bridge, D., CMS.(2012), Arbitration England and Wales,CMS Guide to Arbitration,Vol
Swiss Rules of International Arbitration, Internationale Schweizerische Schiedsordnung, Swiss
Rules of International Arbitration (Swiss Rules).
Swiss Rules of International Arbitration. (2012). Swiss Chambers Arbitration Institution.
The Swiss Chambers Commerce Association for Arbitration and Mediation.
UNCITRAL, (1976),United Nations Commission on International Trade law UNCITRAL Arbitration.
Uncitral Arbitration Rules.(1976), United Nations Commission On International Trade Law (Uncitral).
General Assembly Resolution. Resolution 31/98 Adopted By The General Assembly On
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules as revised in (2010).
United Nations Commissions On International Trade Law.(2011), Uncitral secretariat, Vienna
International Centre. United Nations New York.
V. Lazic.,(2007) Arbitration Law Reform in the Netherlands: Formal and Substantive Validity of an
Arbitration Agreement. Netherland Vereniging Voor Rechtsvergelijking. Netherland
Comparative Law Association.Electronic Journal of Comparative Law,Vol.11.1.
Woolhouse, S.,(20100, Consultant, International Arbitration and Investment Treaty Law. Taking of
Evidence - Disclosure in International Investment Treaty Arbitration. Investment
Treaty Forum.
(SPCBIICL), (2014), Seventh Public Conference British Institute of International and Comparative Law,
26020099 V1.
European Grain and shipping Ltd v Johnson, CA, (1982) 3 ALL ER 989 (992) Johnson.
Iran-united states claims tribunal: case No. 36 Flexi - Van Leasing, now, Against the
Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Judgment No. 1-36-259 Date: 6/14/1365
rnational Trade Law. Uncitral secretariat, Vienna International Centre.
