A Bias-reduced Solution for Target Localization with Distance-dependent Noises in Illuminator of Opportunity Passive Radar
الموضوعات :
Habib Rasi
1
( University of Technology, Shiraz)
Maryam Shirzadian Gilan
2
(Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah)
الکلمات المفتاحية: TOA , FOA , target localization,
ملخص المقالة :
A closed-form solution for target localization based on the realistic distance-dependent noises in illuminator of opportunity passive radar and the reduction method of the bias which exists in the two-stage weighted least squares (2SWLS) method is proposed. 2SWLS is a classic method for time-of-arrival (TOA) and frequency-of-arrival (FOA) localization problem and has a couple of improved solutions over the years. The 2SWLS and its improved solutions have great localization performances in their established location scenarios on the basis of two approximations that setting the noise to a constant and ignoring the high-order terms of TOA and FOA measurement noises. It is these two approximations that lead to a sub-optimal solution with bias. The bias of 2SWLS has a significant influence on the target localization in illuminator of opportunity passive radar that has lower measurement accuracy and higher noises than active radar. Therefore, this paper starts by taking into consideration of the realistic distance-dependent characteristics of TOA/-FOA noises and improving 2SWLS method. Then, the bias of the improved 2SWLS method is analyzed and bias-reduced solution based on weighted least squares (WLS) is developed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, compared to the existing improved solutions of the 2SWLS, the proposed method effectively reduces the bias and achieves higher localization accuracy.
[1] Palmer J, Palumbo S, Cao V, et al. A new illuminator of opportunity bistatic radar research project at DSTO. Defence Science and Technology Organisation Edinburgh (Australia) Electronic Warfare and Radar Division. 2009.
[2] H. Ma, M. Antoniou, D. Pastina, F. Santi, F. Pieralice, M. Bucciarelli and M. Cherniakov, “Maritime moving target indication using passive GNSS-based bistatic radars,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 54(1):115-130, 2018.
[3] J. Palmer, S. Palumbo, A. Summers, D. Merrett, S. Searle and S. Howard, “An overview of an illuminator of opportunity passive radar research project and its signal processing research directions,” Digital Signal Processing. 21(5):593-599, 2011.
[4] M. Malanowski and K. Kulpa, “Two Methods for Target Localization in Multistatic Passive Radar,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 48(1):572-580, 2012.
[5] S. Wu, D. Xu, J. Tan, et al. “Two base station location techniques with adjusted measurements in circular scattering environments,” International Journal of Communication Systems. 29(6):1073-1083, 2016.
[6] N. H. Nguyen, “Multistatic Target Tracking and Localization: Waveform Adaptation, Geometry Optimization, and Pseudolinear Estimation,” University of South Australia. 2016.
[7] A. Ali, G. Shah, M. Aslam, “Model for autonomous agents in machin-to-machine navigation networks,” International Journal of Communication Systems. 31(4): e3491, 2018.
[8] K.C. Ho and W. Xu, “An accurate algebraic solution for moving source location using TDOA and FDOA measurements,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 52(9):2453-2463, 2004.
[9] B. Xu, W. D. Qi, L. Wei and P. Liu, “Turbo-TSWLS: enhanced two-step weighted least squares estimator for TDOA-based localization,” Electronics Letters. 48(25): 1597-1598, 2012.
[10] H. Yang and J. Chun, “An improved algebraic solution for moving target localization in noncoherent MIMO radar systems,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 64(1):258-270, 2016.
[11] R. Amiri, F. Behnia and M.A.M Sadr, “Efficient positioning in MIMO radars with widely separated antennas,” IEEE Communications Letters. 21(7):1569-1572, 2017.
[12] R. Amiri, F. Behnia and M.A.M Sadr, “Positioning in MIMO radars based on constrained least squares estimation,” IEEE Communications Letters. 21(10):2222-2225, 2017.
[13] B. Huang, L. Xie and Z. Yang, “TDOA-based source localization with distance-dependent noises,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. 14(1):468-480, 2015.
[14] K. C. Ho, “Bias reduction for an explicit solution of source localization using TDOA,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 60(5): 2101-2114, 2012.
[15] S. Stein, “Algorithms for ambiguity function processing,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 29(3):588-599, 1981.
[16] M. Cherniakov, “Bistatic radars: emerging technology,” John Wiley & Sons. 2008.
[17] Y. T. Chan and K. C. Ho, “A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location,” IEEE Transactions on signal processing,” 42(8):1905-1915, 1994.
