تبیین تأثیر فناوری‌های «وب 2» بر عملکرد دولت
الموضوعات :
سعیده مرادی فر
1
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
نوذر شفیعی
2
(دانشگاه اصفهان)
الکلمات المفتاحية: وب 2, وب 1, دولت 2, شهروندمحوری و شفافیت,
ملخص المقالة :
دنیایی که امروزه در آن زندگی می کنیم، از منظر فناوری های ارتباطاتی و اطلاعاتی، دنیای مجازی خوانده می شود. این دنیای مجازی به شدت تحت تأثیر «فناوری های وب 2» قرار دارد. فناوری های وب 2 به ابزار رسانه ای الکترونیکی و اینترنتی اشاره دارد که امکان مشارکت شهروندان در امور مختلف، به ویژه امور سیاسی را افزایش می دهد. این فناوری ها به عنوان نسل دوم سرویس های اینترنت دارای بعد اجتماعی است که در شکل رسانه های اجتماعی متجلی می‌شود. از این رو بحث تأثیر این فناوری ها بر عملکرد دولت، اهمیت دارد. این مقاله در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که فناوری های وب 2 علاوه بر مشارکت شهروندان، چه تأثیری می تواند بر عملکرد خود دولت داشته باشد؟ و اثرگذاری آن در دولت به چه شکلی متجلی می گردد؟ فرضیه مقاله حاکی از آن است که فناوری های وب 2 به طور بالقوه، روش و عملکرد دولت سنتی را دگرگون کرده، منجر به شکل گیری نوع جدیدی از دولت شده است که در ادبیات مربوط به علوم ارتباطات و سیاسی از آن به عنوان «دولت 2» یاد می‌شود. این پژوهش نشان می دهد که وب 2 منجر به افزایش سطح عملکرد دولت می شود. در واقع دولت 2 نه تنها از ادغام فناوری های ارتباطاتی و اطلاعاتی جدید تأثیر پذیرفته، بلکه از آثار این فناوری ها نیز بهره مند شده است. مکانیسم هایی که وب 2 از طریق آن باعث افزایش سطح عملکرد دولت 2 می شود، عبارتند از: ایجاد فرهنگ باز، افزایش مشارکت شهروندان، ارتقای شفافیت دولت، شهروند محور کردن دولت و ترویج دموکراسی. در این مقاله سعی شده تا با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای و به شیوه توصیفی - تحلیلی، پرسش و فرضیۀ پژوهش ارزیابی شود.
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