استفاده از ماکروجلبک ها بعنوان منبع زیست توده برای تولید انرژی های تجدیدپذیر
محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست و انرژیمهران پارسا 1 , مریم پازکی 2 , حسن هویدی 3
1 - دانشگاه تهران
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: ماکروجلبک زیست توده انرژی های تجدیدپذیر,
چکیده مقاله :
افزایش شهرنشینی و استفاده از سوخت میزان نیاز به سوخت های فسیلی را به شکل چشم گیری افزایش داده است. این موضوع با تولید میزان بالایی آلودگی برای محیط زیست و در خطر قرار گرفتن آن و کاهش منابع سوخت های طبیعی همراه است. از این رو استفاده از سوخت های تجدید پذیر و پاک الزامی به نظر می رسد. ماکروجلبک ها در حال حاضر برای مصارف مختلف صنعتی و غذایی کشت در مناطق مختلف جهان کشت می شوند. ماکروجلبکها با توجه به میزان بالای ترکیباتی مانند کرببوهیدرات، لیپید و پروتئین می توانند منبعی مناسبی برای تولید سوخت می باشند. روش های مختلف بیوتکنولوژی برای تولید انرژی از ماکروجلبک وجود دارد. این روش ها به دو دسته کلی فرایندهای بیوشیمیایی مانند: تخمیر، و هضم بیهوازی و فرایندهای ترموشیمیایی مانند: سوزاندن، پیرولیز و مایع سازی هیدروترمال تقسیم‌بندی میشوند. در این روشها بسته به نوع روش ترکیبات گازی، مایع و جامد ارزشمندی تولید می شوند که کاربردهای فراوانی دارند. در حال حاضر تحقیقات زیادی بر روی ماکروجلبک ها صورت گرفته است، در این تحقیق مروری بر روشها و مطالعات صورت گرفته برروی تولید انرژی از گونه های مختلف ماکروجلبک خواهیم کرد.
Energy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-algae are cultivated in various regions of the world for various industrial and food usages. Macro-algae are known as a specific resource of alternative for energy production due to their biochemical properties such as high level of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Various biotechnology methods have been developed for energy producing from macro-algae which are divided into two categories: 1) biochemical processes (fermentation, digestion) and 2) thermochemical processes (incineration, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction). Depending on the type of methods, the product are categorized under different phases such as solid, liquid and gas. In this study, we will review the methods and studies on the energy production of different species of macroalgae.
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