ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ فقهی حقوقی حق حبس نفقه زوجه در حقوق ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خانواده
1 - کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، موسسه آموزش عالی احرار، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: مهریه , نفقه , اعسار زوج , تمکین , نکاح , حق حبس ,
چکیده مقاله :
در این مقاله به روش تحلیلی - توصیفی به بررسی فقهی حقوقی حق حبس نفقه زوجه در ایران از دیدگاه فقه امامیه و حقوق ایران پرداخته شده است. به موجب ماده 1085 ق. م، زوجه می تواند تا مهر به او تسلیم نشده از ایفای وظایفی که در مقابل شوهر دارد امتناع کند، مشروط به اینکه مهر او حال باشد و این امتناع مسقط حق نفقه نخواهد بود. اما اگر زوجه، قبل از اخذ مهر به اختیار خود به ایفای وظایفی که در مقابل شوهر دارد قیام نمود، نمی تواند از حکم ماده 1085 استفاده کند. نظرات مختلفي درباره حق حبس زوجه در فقه اماميه بيان شده است. بدين مفهوم كه برخي اين حق را، حقي متقابل براي هر دو طرف دانسته اند و اجراي آن را طرفینی قلمداد کرده اند. برخي اين حق را نمي پذيرند و بر اين باورند كه زوجين داراي چنين حقي نمي باشند و هر كدام از زوجين موظف به انجام تكاليف و وظايف زناشويي خود در مقابل يكديگر هستند. هم چنین برخی بر این باورند که تسليم و تمكين زوجه، حقي بر اوست و تسليم مهر نيز حقي بر زوج است پس واجب است بر هر كدام كه حق را به صاحبش برساند و اگر يكي از آن دو در عمل به تكليف وجوبي خود امتناع نمايد، معصيت كرده است. ولي با عصيان او، حق ديگر ساقط نخواهد شد. با این حال به نظر می رسد که این مزیت فقط مختص زوجه است و نباید آن را به زوج اختصاص داد.
This article uses an analytical-descriptive method to examine the jurisprudential and legal aspects of the wife's right to withhold alimony in Iran from the perspective of Imamiyya jurisprudence and Iranian law. According to Article 1085 of the Islamic Law, a wife may refuse to fulfill her obligations to her husband until the dowry is delivered to her, provided that her dowry is current, and this refusal will not constitute a waiver of the right to alimony. However, if the wife voluntarily refuses to fulfill her duties towards her husband before receiving the dowry, she cannot benefit from the ruling of Article 1085. Different opinions have been expressed in Imami jurisprudence regarding the right to retain a wife. In the sense that some have considered this right to be a mutual right for both parties and have considered its implementation to be bilateral. Some do not accept this right and believe that couples do not have such a right and that each spouse is obligated to fulfill their marital duties and obligations to each other. Some also believe that the submission and support of the wife is a right upon her, and the submission of the dowry is also a right upon the husband, so it is obligatory upon each of them to convey the right to its owner, and if one of the two refuses to fulfill his obligation, he has committed a sin. But with her disobedience, the right will not be revoked. However, it seems that this advantage is only for the wife and should not be allocated to the husband.
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