پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی: ساختار، سازوکار، عملکرد و کاربردها
محورهای موضوعی : سامانه های پلیمری تحریک پذیرحمیدرضا حیدری 1 , مرضیه حسینی 2
1 - دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر
2 - پلیمر، دانشکده پلیمر، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی, محرک, واحد کلید, گرما, ساختار,
چکیده مقاله :
در سه دهه‌ی اخیر، تحقیقات بسیاری در زمینه‌ی پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی انجام شده و در چند سال گذشته نیز علاقه به تحقیق و پژوهش در این زمینه، مورد توجه فراوان قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه به بازبینی جامع و کاملی در مورد ساختار، سازوکار، مدل و کاربردهای این دسته از پلیمرها پرداخته شده است. به‌طورکلی سازوکارهای پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی به سه گروه القای گرمایی مستقیم، القای گرمایی غیرمستقیم و القای نوری تقسیم می‌شوند و هر کدام واحد کلید مخصوص به خود را دارند که کنترل‌کننده‌ی ساختار شکل است. این کلیدها دارای فاز آمورف یا نیمه‌بلورین هستند که در دو سطح فازی و مولکولی تعریف می‌شوند. هم‌چنین افزایش خواص مکانیکی از جمله استحکام و چقرمگی پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است که می‌تواند باعث افزایش کارایی آن‌ها شود. از پلیمرهای حافظه شکلی می‌توان در صنایع پزشکی، هوافضا، نساجی و غیره استفاده کرد. در صنایع نساجی، از فرایند الکتروریسی به‌عنوان روشی ساده و کارآمد برای تهیه‌ی الیاف پلیمری حافظه شکلی و توسعه‌ی ساختار آن‌ها استفاده می‌شود که سازوکار و نحوه‌ی تهیه‌ی این الیاف مورد بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت.
In the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, mechanism, model and applications of this category of polymers has been done. In general, the mechanisms of shape memory polymers are divided into three groups: direct thermal induction, indirect thermal induction, and optical induction, and each has its own switch unit that controls the shape structure. These switches have amorphous and semi-crystalline phase, which are defined in two phase and molecular levels. Also, increasing the mechanical properties, including the strength and toughness of shape memory polymers, is of great importance, which can increase their efficiency. Shape memory polymers can be used in medical, aerospace, textile and other industries. In the textile industry, the electrospinning process is used as a simple and efficient method for the preparation of shape memory polymer fibers and the development of their structure, and the mechanism and method of preparation of these fibers will be investigated. In the last three decades, many researches have been conducted in the field of shape memory polymers, and in the past few years, the interest in research in this field has received a lot of attention. In this study, a comprehensive and complete review of the structure, mechanism, model and applications of this category of polymers has been done.
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