ویژگیهای روانسنجی مقیاس هیجان‌‌خواهی زاکرمن: عاملی برای پیش‌‌بینی اهمالکاری تحصیلی دانشجویان
محورهای موضوعی : روانسنجی
حمید رضا حسن آبادی
1
,
سید سعید ترابی
2
1 - گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی،دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: اهمالکاری تحصیلی, مقیاس هیجان‌‌خواهی, ویژگیهای روانسنجی, دانشجویان,
چکیده مقاله :
در چند دهه اخیر هیجان‌‌خواهی به‌عنوان یک ویژگی شخصیتی پیچیده، پویا و چندبعدی و مؤثر بر رفتارهای مخاطره‌‌آمیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی شاخص های روانسنجی مقیاس هیجان خواهی زاکرمن و پیش بینی اهمال کاری تحصیلی انجام شد. از بین دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه‌‌های شهرستان دامغان تعداد 260 نفر با رعایت ملاک‌‌های ورود و خروج با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای در اردیبهشت ماه 1399 انتخاب شدند. سپس آنها به مقیاس‌‌های هیجان‌‌خواهی زاکرمن (1971)، خودکارآمدی پینتریچ و دیگروت (1990) و اهمالکاری تحصیلی مک‌‌کلوزکی و سیلزو (2015) در یک ترتیب یکسان پاسخ دادند. نتايج نشان داد كه ساختار چهار عاملی حساسیت به یکنواختی، تجربه‌‌جویی، ماجراجویی و بازداری‌‌زدایی مقياس هیجان‌‌خواهی زاکرمن برازش مطلوبی با داده‌‌ها داشت و اعتبار همسانی درونی آنها در دامنه 61/0 برای ماجراجویی تا 78/0 برای حساسیت به یکنواختی متغیر بود. ضرایب همبستگی خرده‌‌مقیاس‌‌های هیجان‌‌خواهی با مقیاس خودکارآمدی به‌منظور برآورد روایی واگرا حاکی از مقادیر غیر‌‌معنا‌‌دار و منفی در راستای تأیید فرضیه بود. یافته‌‌های رگرسیون چندگانه به شیوه گام به گام نیز نشان داد مؤلفه‌‌های حساسیت به یکنواختی و ماجراجویی توانستند 27 درصد از واریانس اهمالکاری تحصیلی را تبیین کنند. به‌نظر می‌‌رسد نتایج مطالعه حاضر شواهدی را برای روایی و اعتبار مقیاس هیجان‌‌خواهی به مثابه ابزاری قوی در جهت سنجش رفتارهای مخاطرآمیز و هیجان‌‌خواه نوجوانان توسط پژوهشگران، درمانگران و مشاوران فراهم می‌‌کند.
In the last few decades, sensation-seeking has been noticed as a complex, dynamic, and multidimensional personality trait that affects risky behaviors. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the psychometric properties of Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale among undergraduate students. Among the undergraduate students of Damghan city 260 people were selected by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method in May 2020. Then, they responded to Zuckerman's (1971) sensation seeking, Pintrich and DeGroot (1990) self-efficacy and McCloskey and Silzo (2015) academic procrastination scales in the same order. The results showed that the four-factor structure of sensitivity to monotony, experience-seeking, adventure, and disinhibition of Zuckerman's sensation-seeking scale had a favorable fit with the data and their internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.61 for adventure to 0.78 for sensitivity. Correlation coefficients of sensation seeking subscales with self-efficacy scale to estimate divergent validity indicated non-significant and negative values in line with hypothesis confirmation. The findings of the step-by-step multiple regression also showed that the components of sensitivity to monotony and adventure could explain 27% of the variance of academic procrastination. It seems that the results of the present study provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the sensation-seeking scale as a strong tool for measuring the risky and sensation-seeking behaviors of adolescents by researchers, therapists, and counselors.
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