بررسی تطبیقی حق بر سلامت کودک پناه‌جو در سیستم مشترک پناه‌جویی اروپا و کنوانسیون حقوق کودک
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق کودک
رضا موسی‌زاده
1
(استاد وزارت امور خارجه، دانشکده روابط بین‌الملل، تهران، ایران)
احمدرضا آذرپندار
2
(کارشناس ارشد وزارت امور خارجه، دانشکده روابط بین‌الملل، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: حق بر سلامت, کودکان پناه‌جو, اسناد بین‌المللی حقوق بشر, اتحادیه اروپا,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از اساسی‌ترین حقوقی که کودکان پناه‌جو از آن برخوردار هستند، حق بر سلامت است که به معنای بالاترین استاندارد فیزیکی و روانی تعبیر شده است. این حق را می‌توان جمیع خدمات پزشکی، بهداشت عمومی، غذا و مسکن مناسب، آموزش مناسب بهداشتی و سلامتی و همچنین محیط زیست سالم دانست. در این راستا دولت‌ها طبق کنوانسیون حقوق کودک موظف شده‌اند که تمامی تلاش خود را مصروف برآورده‌شدن و تحقق این حقوق بنمایند. در حال حاضر و با توجه به این‌که روند پناهندگی از کشورهای آسیای غربی به سمت کشورهای اروپایی است، تعهد کشورهای اروپایی به تضمین حق بر سلامت کودکان پناه‌جو، نمود دوچندانی می‌یابد. با مقایسه کنوانسیون حقوق کودک و تفسیریه‌های آن با سیستم مشترک پناه‌جویی اروپا، به نظر می‌رسد با این‌که اتحادیه اروپا در زمینه قانونگذاری برای کودکان پناه‌جو موفقیت‌هایی را کسب کرده است، اما در برخی موارد، برآورده‌کردن حقوق این افراد را منوط به شرایط داخلی کشورهای عضو اتحادیه می‌کند که برخلاف تعهدات ایشان می‌باشد.
One of the Asylum seekers children’s essential rights is the right to health, which is interpreted as the highest physical and mental standards. This right may include comprehensive medical and healthcare services, proper food and housing, proper health educations and also healthy environment. Accordingly, the governments are required in convention on the rights of child to spare their utmost effort to realize this right. At the time being, considering the large number of asylum seekers heading from the West Asian countries towards Europe, the European countries’ commitment to ensuring the asylum seekers children’s right to health is critically important. By comparing the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its General Comments with Common European Asylum System, Apparently, despite of the fact that the European Union has been successful in legislating for the asylum seekers children, in some cases, the fulfillment of children’s rights is subordinated to the domestic conditions of members of the EU, that it’s contrary to their obligations.
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