بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه قراردادهای درمانی الکترونیکی (تلهمدیسین) در حقوق ایران و فرانسه
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق پزشکی
1 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: تلهمدیسین, قرارداد درمانی الکترونیکی, مسئولیت پزشک, رضایت آگاهانه, حقوق ایران, حقوق فرانسه. ,
چکیده مقاله :
تحولات گسترده فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در دهههای اخیر، عرصه سلامت را بهطور بنیادین دگرگون ساخته و زمینهساز شکلگیری قراردادهای درمانی الکترونیکی یا تلهمدیسین شده است. این شیوه نوین درمانی با رفع محدودیتهای جغرافیایی و افزایش دسترسی بیماران به خدمات تخصصی، بهویژه در دوران همهگیری کرونا، به یکی از ارکان اصلی نظامهای سلامت جهانی تبدیل گردیده است. با وجود این مزایا، تلهمدیسین با چالشهای حقوقی و اخلاقی متعددی مواجه است؛ از جمله اعتبار قراردادهای الکترونیکی، مسئولیت پزشک در صورت بروز خطا، رضایت آگاهانه بیمار در فضای دیجیتال و حفاظت از دادههای سلامت.مطالعه حاضر با رویکرد توصیفی–تحلیلی و تطبیقی، جایگاه قراردادهای درمانی الکترونیکی در حقوق ایران و فرانسه را بررسی میکند. یافتهها نشان میدهد که حقوق فرانسه با تدوین مقررات اختصاصی، توانسته چارچوبی روشن برای اعتبار قراردادهای درمانی الکترونیکی، الزام به رضایت آگاهانه، حفاظت سختگیرانه از دادههای سلامت و نظام مسئولیتپذیری چندلایه ایجاد کند. در مقابل، حقوق ایران همچنان بر قواعد عام حقوق پزشکی و مسئولیت مدنی تکیه دارد و فاقد چارچوب مستقل و شفاف برای ساماندهی این روابط است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر پیشنهاد میکند که نظام حقوقی ایران با الهام از تجربه فرانسه، نسبت به تدوین قوانین جامع، بازنگری در مسئولیت پزشکان و مراکز درمانی، و ایجاد نظام حمایتی ویژه برای دادههای سلامت اقدام نماید. این اصلاحات میتواند زمینه ارتقای کیفیت خدمات سلامت دیجیتال و افزایش اعتماد عمومی به قراردادهای درمانی الکترونیکی را فراهم سازد.
The extensive developments in information and communication technologies over recent decades have fundamentally transformed the field of healthcare and paved the way for the emergence of electronic medical contracts, or telemedicine. By removing geographical barriers and increasing patients’ access to specialized services, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, this modern mode of healthcare delivery has become one of the core pillars of global health systems. Despite these advantages, telemedicine faces numerous legal and ethical challenges, including the validity of electronic contracts, physicians’ liability in cases of medical error, informed consent in the digital environment, and the protection of health data.The present study adopts a descriptive–analytical and comparative approach to examine the legal status of electronic medical contracts in Iranian and French law. The findings indicate that French law, through the enactment of specific regulations, has succeeded in establishing a clear framework for the validity of electronic medical contracts, the requirement of informed consent, stringent protection of health data, and a multilayered liability regime. In contrast, Iranian law continues to rely on general principles of medical law and civil liability and lacks an independent and transparent framework for regulating these relationships. Accordingly, this study proposes that the Iranian legal system, drawing on the French experience, undertake the drafting of comprehensive legislation, revise the liability of physicians and healthcare institutions, and establish a dedicated protective regime for health data. Such reforms can contribute to improving the quality of digital health services and enhancing public trust in electronic medical contracts.
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