مروری بر جاذبهای بر پایه پلیمر امواج الکترومغناطیسی
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطی
1 - دانشگاه جامع امام حسین ع
کلید واژه: جاذب امواج الکترومغناطیسی, کامپوزیتهای پلیمری, اتلاف دیالکتریک, اتلاف مغناطیسی, پلیمرهای رسانا,
چکیده مقاله :
سازوکارهای اصلی جذب امواج الکترومغناطیسی شامل اتلاف دیالکتریک (قطبش دوقطبی، قطبش بینسطحی، اتلاف رسانایی) و اتلاف مغناطیسی (رزونانس طبیعی و تبادلی، جریانهای گردابی) و اتلاف ساختاری (پراکندگی، بازتابهای داخلی و اثرات حفرهای) هستند که به ترکیب، مورفولوژی و معماری مولکولی وابسته است .پلیمرها بهدلیل چگالی پایین، فرآیندپذیری مناسب، ایجاد پایداری شیمیایی و امکان مهندسی ساختار به گزینهای کارآمد برای استفاده در جاذب امواج الکترومغناطیسی تبدیل شدهاند. با این حال، ماهیت عایق و غیرمغناطیسی بیشتر پلیمرها بهکارگیری فیلرهای رسانا و مغناطیسی را برای ایجاد سازوکارهای اتلاف دیالکتریک و مغناطیسی ضروری میسازد. پلیمرهای متداول به دلیل ایجاد مقاومت در برابر شرایط محیطی، امکان ایجاد چسبندگی مناسب بین اجزاء و سایر سطوح، ایجاد ساختارهای متخلخل و فومی و امکان توزیع و پخش یکنواخت فیلرها، بستر و بایندرهای بسیار مناسبی برای توسعه جاذبهای امواج الکترومغناطیسی محسوب میشوند. پلیمرهای رسانا مانند پلیآنیلین و پلیپیرول نیز با فراهمکردن مسیرهای رسانای قابلتنظیم، نقش فعالی در افزایش اتلاف دیالکتریک ایفا میکنند. مرور پژوهشهای اخیر نشان میدهد پلیمرها بسترهای مناسبی برای تهیه کامپوزیتهای با جذبهای عمیقتر از 40− تا 70− دسیبل و پهنای باند جذب موثر بیش از ۱۰ گیگاهرتز در ضخامتهای بسیار کم هستند. در نتیجه، این مواد گزینههایی ایدهآل برای کاربردهای پیشرفته در حوزه مخابرات و هوافضا محسوب میشوند.
The primary mechanisms of electromagnetic wave absorption are dielectric loss (including dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, and conductive loss), magnetic loss (encompassing natural/exchange resonance and eddy current loss), and structural loss (such as scattering, internal reflections, and cavity effects). The efficiency of these mechanisms is governed by the material's composition, morphology, and molecular architecture.
Polymers have emerged as a highly effective platform for constructing electromagnetic wave absorbers, owing to their low density, excellent processability, chemical stability, and versatile structural engineering potential. However, the inherent insulating and non-magnetic nature of most pristine polymers requires the incorporation of conductive and magnetic fillers to induce the necessary dielectric and magnetic loss. Conventional polymers serve as exceptional substrates and binders, offering environmental resistance, strong interfacial adhesion, the capacity to form porous or foamy structures, and the ability to distribute fillers uniformly.
Conductive polymers, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, play an active role by providing tunable conductive pathways that significantly enhance dielectric loss. A survey of recent advances demonstrates that polymer-based composites can achieve superior absorption performance, with reflection losses as deep as –70 dB and effective absorption bandwidths exceeding 10 GHz, even at minimal thicknesses. Consequently, these polymer composites are considered ideal candidates for advanced applications in telecommunications and aerospace.
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