شرط سود معین در قراردادهای مشارکت مدنی بانکی
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق مدنیسید صالح پیش بین 1 , مهدی رضوانی راد 2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
2 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: مشارکت مدنی , نظام فقهی , سود معین , مشارکت ,
چکیده مقاله :
مشارکت مدنی، پُرکاربرد ترین قرارداد مشارکتی در نظام بانکی ایران است، شرط سود معین از جمله شروط ضمن این عقد است؛ که همواره محل چالش و تداخل مفاهیم با ربا را فراهم آورده است که برای یافتن پاسخی به آن پژوهش حاضر در چهار بخش مقدمه، کلیات، شرط سود و زیان، انتقادات و راهکار ها به جهت حل این موضوع به روش کتابخانه ای تنظیم میگردد؛ رویکرد فقها در این مورد به اجماع نرسیده و دچار اختلاف است ولی غالب فقها اعتقاد به صحت عقد و بطلان شرط دارند، با مطالعه و بررسی های صورت گرفته به نظر میرسد اینچنین شروطی ضمن قرارداد مشارکت مدنی بانکی نیازمند اصلاح و تنظیم مقررات به نحو جدی دارند؛ هر چند بتوان برای برخی از عقود مشارکتی و غیر مشارکتی دیگر آن را صحیح دانست.
Civil partnership is the most widely used form of partnership contract in Iran’s banking system. Among the terms embedded within this contract is the stipulation of a fixed profit, a provision that has consistently provoked debate due to its perceived conflict with the Islamic prohibition of usury (riba). This study seeks to address the issue through a structured, library-based approach, presented in four main sections: introduction, general principles, the condition of profit and loss, and critiques with proposed solutions. Islamic jurists have not reached a consensus on this matter; while most uphold the validity of the contract itself, they regard the fixed profit stipulation as invalid. Based on the findings, it appears that such provisions, when included in civil partnership contracts within the banking sector, necessitate substantial legal and regulatory reform. Nonetheless, similar conditions may be considered valid in certain other partnership and non-partnership contracts.
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