Improving Opinion Mining Through Automatic Prompt Construction
محورهای موضوعی : Natural Language Processing
Arash Yousefi Jordehi
1
,
Mahsa Hosseini Khasheh Heyran
2
,
Saeed Ahmadnia
3
,
Seyed Abolghassem Mirroshandel
4
,
Owen Rambow
5
1 - Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
2 - Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
3 - Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
4 - Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
5 - Department of Linguistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
کلید واژه: Opinion Mining/Sentiment Analysis, Statistical and Machine Learning Methods, Large Language Models, MPQA, Automatic Prompt Construction.,
چکیده مقاله :
Opinion mining is a fundamental task in natural language processing. This paper focuses on extracting opinion structures: triplets representing an opinion, a part of text involving an opinion role, and a relation between opinion and role. We utilize the T5 generative transformer for this purpose. It also adopts a multi-task learning approach inspired by successful previous studies to enhance performance. Nevertheless, the success of generative models heavily relies on the prompts provided in the input, as prompts customize the task at hand. To eliminate the need for human-based prompt design and improve performance, we propose Automatic Prompt Construction, which involves fine-tuning. Our proposed method is fully compatible with multi-task learning, as we did so in our investigations. We run a comprehensive set of experiments on Multi-Perspective Question Answering (MPQA) 2.0, a commonly utilized benchmark dataset in this domain. We observe a considerable performance boost by combining automatic prompt construction with multi-task learning. Besides, we develop a new method that re-uses a model from one problem setting to improve another model in another setting as a Transfer Learning application. Our results on the MPQA represent a new state-of-the-art and provide clear directions for future work.
Opinion mining is a fundamental task in natural language processing. This paper focuses on extracting opinion structures: triplets representing an opinion, a part of text involving an opinion role, and a relation between opinion and role. We utilize the T5 generative transformer for this purpose. It also adopts a multi-task learning approach inspired by successful previous studies to enhance performance. Nevertheless, the success of generative models heavily relies on the prompts provided in the input, as prompts customize the task at hand. To eliminate the need for human-based prompt design and improve performance, we propose Automatic Prompt Construction, which involves fine-tuning. Our proposed method is fully compatible with multi-task learning, as we did so in our investigations. We run a comprehensive set of experiments on Multi-Perspective Question Answering (MPQA) 2.0, a commonly utilized benchmark dataset in this domain. We observe a considerable performance boost by combining automatic prompt construction with multi-task learning. Besides, we develop a new method that re-uses a model from one problem setting to improve another model in another setting as a Transfer Learning application. Our results on the MPQA represent a new state-of-the-art and provide clear directions for future work.
[1] A. Frank and A. Marasović, "SRL4ORL: Improving Opinion Role Labeling Using Multi-Task Learning with Semantic Role Labeling," in Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2018.
[2] B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, Z. Li and M. Zhang, "Syntax-Aware Opinion Role Labeling with Dependency Graph Convolutional Networks," in Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 2020.
[3] Q. Xia, B. Zhang, R. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Zhang, F. Huang, L. Si and M. Zhang, "A Unified Span-Based Approach for Opinion Mining with Syntactic Constituents," in Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Online, 2021.
[4] S. Ahmadnia, A. Yousefi Jordehi, M. Hosseini Khasheh Heyran, S. Mirroshandel and O. Rambow, "Opinion Mining Using Pre-Trained Large Language Models: Identifying the Type, Polarity, Intensity, Expression, and Source of Private States," in Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), Torino, Italia, 2024.
[5] J. Wiebe, "Identifying subjective characters in narrative," in COLING 1990 Volume 2: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1990.
[6] J. Wiebe, T. Wilson and M. Bell, "Identifying collocations for recognizing opinions," in Proceedings of the ACL-01 Workshop on Collocation: Computational Extraction, Analysis, and Exploitation, 2001.
[7] T. A. Wilson, Fine-grained subjectivity and sentiment analysis: recognizing the intensity, polarity, and attitudes of private states, University of Pittsburgh, 2008.
[8] M. Zhang, P. Liang and G. Fu, "Enhancing Opinion Role Labeling with Semantic-Aware Word Representations from Semantic Role Labeling," in Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies,, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2019.
[9] S. Wu, H. Fei, F. Li, D. Ji, M. Zhang, Y. Liu and C. Teng, "Mastering the explicit opinion-role interaction: Syntax-aided neural transition system for unified opinion role labeling," in Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, Online, 2022.
[10] Z. Gao, A. Feng, X. Song and X. Wu, "Target-Dependent Sentiment Classification With BERT," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 154290-154299, 2019.
[11] Y. Z. R. W. Z. L. M. Z. Bo Zhang, "Syntax-Aware Opinion Role Labeling with Dependency Graph Convolutional Networks," in Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 2020.
[12] W. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Deng, L. Bing and W. Lam, "Towards Generative Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis," in Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Online, 2021.
[13] X. Bao, W. Zhongqing, X. Jiang, R. Xiao and S. Li, "Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Opinion Tree Generation," in Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vienna, 2022.
[14] P. Kavehzadeh, M. M. Abdollah Pour and S. Momtazi, "Deep Transformer-based Representation for Text Chunking," Journal of Information Systems and Telecommunication (JIST), vol. 3, pp. 176-184, 2023.
[15] S. Chakraborty, M. Borhan Uddin Talukdar, P. Sikdar and J. Uddin, "An Efficient Sentiment Analysis Model for Crime Articles’ Comments using a Fine-tuned BERT Deep Architecture and Pre-Processing Techniques," Journal of Information Systems and Telecommunication (JIST), vol. 12, pp. 1-11, 2024.
[16] N. Jadhav, "Hierarchical Weighted Framework for Emotional Distress Detection using Personalized Affective Cues," Journal of Information Systems and Telecommunication (JIST), vol. 10, pp. 89-101, 2022.
[17] Liu, C. Raffel, N. Shazeer, A. Roberts, K. Lee, S. Narang, M. Matena, Y. Zhou, W. Li and P. J., "Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer," Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR), vol. 21, no. 140, pp. 1-67, 2020.
[18] M. Lewis, Y. Liu, N. Goyal, M. Ghazvininejad, A. Mohamed, O. Levy, V. Stoyanov and L. Zettlemoyer, "BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension," in Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 2020.
[19] H. W. Chung, L. Hou, S. Longpre, B. Zoph, Y. Tay, W. Fedus, Y. Li, X. Wang, M. Dehghani, S. Brahma, A. Webson, S. S. Gu, Z. Dai, M. Suzgun, X. Chen, A. Chowdhery, A. Castro-Ros and Marie, "Scaling instruction-finetuned language models," arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.11416, 2022.
[20] E. Breck, Y. Choi and C. Cardie, "Identifying expressions of opinion in context.," in International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hyderabad India, 2007.
[21] B. Yang and C. Cardie, "Joint Inference for Fine-grained Opinion Extraction," in Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2013.
[22]B. Yang and C. Cardie, "Joint Modeling of Opinion Expression Extraction and Attribute Classification," Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, p. 505–516, 2014.
[23] A. Katiyar and C. Cardie, "Investigating LSTMs for Joint Extraction of Opinion Entities and Relations," in Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Berlin, Germany, 2016.
[24] W. Quan, J. Zhang and X. T. Hu, "End-to-end joint opinion role labeling with bert," in IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), 2019.
[25] M. Zhang, Q. Wang and G. Fu, "End-to-end neural opinion extraction with a transition-based model," Information Systems, vol. 80, pp. 56-63, 2019.
[26] J. Devlin, M.-W. Chang, K. Lee and K. Toutanova, "Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding," in Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2019.
[27]O. Vinyals, M. Fortunato and N. Jaitly, "Pointer networks," Advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 28, 2015.
[28] A. Vaswani, N. Shazeer, N. Parmar, J. Uszkoreit, L. Jones, A. N. Gomez, {. Kaiser and I. Polosukhin, "Attention is all you need," Advances in neural information processing systems}, vol. 30, 2017.
[29] B. Lester, R. Al-Rfou and N. Constant, "The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning," in Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, 2021.
[30] D. C. Senadeera and J. Ive, "Controlled text generation using T5 based encoder-decoder soft prompt tuning and analysis of the utility of generated text in AI," in arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.02924, 2022.
