مسئولیت مدنی ساخت و ساز بیمارستان ها با محوریت اشخاص حقوقی در حقوق ایران
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محورهای موضوعی : مسئولیت مدنی
1 - دانشجو ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، موسسه آموزش عالی احرار، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسئولیت مدنی , ساخت و ساز بیمارستان ها , اشخاص حقوقی, حقوق ایران ,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این تحقیق بررسی مسئولیت مدنی ساخت و ساز بیمارستان ها با محوریت اشخاص حقوقی در حقوق ایران است .روش تحقیق توصیفی – تحلیلی است وبا استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای اطلاعات جمع آوری گردیده است نتایج بررسی ها نشان داده است در حقوق ایران مبنای مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از ساخت در قوانین متعددی از جمله قانون مدنی ،مسئولیت مدنی، مجازات اسلامی و قوانین دیگربیان شده است؛ در قانون مدنی، قانون مسئولیت مدنی و قانون مجازات اسلامی علاوه بر قواعد عام مسئولیت مدنی، قواعد خاصی نیز در زمینه مسئولیت مدنی ساخت و سازها وجود دارد، درمجموع این مبنا اصولا تقصیر است. مبنای تقصیر در ساخت و سازها نامناسب است از جمله اثبات تقصیرتوسط زیان دیده نادرست به نظر می رسدمسئولیت اشخاص حقوقی در ساخت وساز بیمارستان همانند سایر ساخت وساز ها مسئولیت مدنی مبتنی بر تقصیر متصور است اگر چه دراین زمینه نیز مقررات فعلی با توجه به حساسیت ساخت بیمارستان ها این گونه مسئولیت از کارایی، کارآمدی، بازدارندگی و جبران کنندگی لازم برخوردار نیست و نتیجه آن عدم رعایت مقررات ساخت و ساز و در نتیجه ساخت ساختمان هایی با عمر کوتاه، خسارات جبران ناپذیر، عدم اعتماد به ساخت و سازها، نبودامنیت در ساختمان هاو نامتناسب بودن بودن ساختمان بیمارستان با نیازهای بیماران است در نتیجه مسئولیت مدنی اشخاص حقوقی در ساخت بیمارستان ها برمبنای اصل تقصیر قابل بررسی است.
The aim of this research is to examine the civil liability of hospital construction with a focus on legal entities in Iranian law. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and information has been collected using library sources. The results of the study show that the basis of civil liability arising from construction in Iran is established in various laws, including the Civil Code, Civil Liability Law, Islamic Penal Code, and other laws. In addition to general rules of civil liability, there are also specific rules regarding the civil liability of construction in the Civil Code, Civil Liability Law, and Islamic Penal Code, which are generally based on fault. However, the basis of fault in construction is inappropriate and proving fault by the injured party seems incorrect. The civil liability of legal entities in hospital construction, like other constructions, is based on presumed fault. Although current regulations in this area do not have the necessary efficiency, effectiveness, deterrence, and compensation due to the sensitivity of hospital construction, resulting in non-compliance with construction regulations and consequently, short-lived buildings, irreparable damages, lack of trust in constructions, insecurity in buildings, and unsuitability of hospital buildings for patients' needs. As a result, the civil liability of legal entities in hospital construction based on the principle of fault is worth investigating.
Extended Abstract
- Introduction
Some writers with an ethical view of civil responsibility have considered it to include both duties. That is, the prohibition of harming others, and in case of damage, the obligation to compensate for the damage. In this view, the prohibition of harming another is considered the main obligation and the obligation to compensate for damages is considered a "secondary obligation" or "compensatory obligation". The legal duty not to harm another and the obligation to pay damages are mandatory provisions, and the obligation to pay damages is a type of status provision that is related to the mandatory provision of not harming another and is the basis of the judgment on the obligation to compensate for damages. Among the above three items, the basic basis of civil liability is the obligation to pay damages caused to another. Civil liability is basically caused by negligence of individuals, but in order to realize civil liability, the presence of three pillars is necessary. Existence of loss, commission of a harmful or illegal act, causal relationship.
- Theoretical Framework
using the study and library method with reference to existing and related documents. The questions that are raised in this article, what is the civil responsibility of the construction of hospitals centered on legal entities in Iranian law? It can be said that civil responsibility The construction of hospitals centered on legal entities in Iranian law is the same as the civil responsibility of other urban buildings. What are the legal and theoretical bases of the civil liability of hospital builders in causing personal and financial damages? The legal and theoretical foundations of the civil responsibility of hospital builders in causing personal and financial damages can be explained based on the theory of fault and error.
- Methodology
The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the basic purpose and in terms of the method of collecting descriptive information and using library sources, information is collected from legal and legal sources, books, theses, articles, pamphlets. , and websites will be used from internet sources and analysis of opinions of thinkers, which will be collected and summarized after collecting the desired content. In addition to the library method, the new virtual space method (digital libraries, information and economic banks) has also been used in creating hypotheses and collecting information from literature and internet sites and legitimate legal sites. The method of gathering information is a study and library method by referring to existing and related documents.
- Results & Discussion
The lack of proper legal requirements in the field of civil liability is enough for the injured party to fail in most of the lawsuits or avoid his lawsuit due to weakness in proving fault. As a result, his loss remains uncompensated. Therefore, investigating the civil liability of constructions in various fields, including hospitals, is of particular importance and necessity. The purpose of writing this article is to investigate the civil liability of hospital construction focusing on legal entities in Iranian law, to investigate the theoretical and legal bases of the civil liability of hospital builders in causing personal and financial damage and to investigate how it occurs. Estimating the life and financial damage of legal entities to citizens in the construction of hospitals and investigating the factors of civil liability, causing life and financial damage to the construction of hospitals.
- Conclusions & Suggestions
From the review and application of the rules governing civil liability in the discussed legal systems, it can be concluded that the civil liability of building builders, including residential, office and hospital buildings, is one of the most important and challenging issues in the field of legal issues in most countries. Today, the scope of this responsibility has been developed and in terms of its direct relationship with the private rights of individuals, as well as its impact on public rights and urban planning, it is in the center of attention, although according to principles and rules, responsibility is basically based on fault. However, in some cases, due to social expediency and the amount of possible risks caused by the negligence and carelessness of people such as building builders, it is inevitable to deviate from the main rules, and with the exception of a kind of (pure) responsibility based on the "risk-benefit theory", the group of factors He accepted the manufacturer as mutually responsible for compensation and explained it authoritatively and in a certain period of time in terms of the nature and conditions of the realization of the damage.
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