تبیین و ارزیابی شاخص‌ها و مؤلفه‌های الگوی حکمرانی شهر تهران با تأکید بر بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب اسلامی ایران
محورهای موضوعی : شاخص‌های شهر ایرانی اسلامیبهروز بادکو 1 , محمد قاسمی سیانی 2 , علی رنجبرکی 3
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ جهاددانشگاهی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار پژوهشی گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت شهری، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاددانشگاهی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار پژوهشی گروه اقتصاد، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاددانشگاهی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نظام حکمرانی شهری, بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب اسلامی ایران, تهران, مدیریت شهری.,
چکیده مقاله :
ساماندهی نظام حکمرانی ملی و منطقه‌ای، نقش موثری در دستیابی به چشم‌انداز و پیاده‌سازی راهبردهای ملی و کلان یک کشور دارد. در سال‌های اخیر بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب بعنوان یک سند راهبردی به تعیین چشم‌انداز و راهبردهای کلان حرکت کشور در چهل سال آینده پرداخته است. بدیهی است که دسترسی پایدار و سریع‌تر به اهداف و راهبردهای بیان شده در بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب اسلامی نیازمند بروزرسانی و متناسب سازی نظام حکمرانی ملی و منطقه‌ای است. هدف این مقاله بررسی میزان انطباق نظام حکمرانی شهری فعلی تهران با نظام حکمرانی مطلوبی که در راستای چشم‌انداز و راهبردهای تعیین شده در بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب است، می‌باشد. براین اساس با استخراج معیارها حکمرانی شهری متناسب با بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب اسلامی ایران به سنجش و ارزيابی این شاخص‌ها در مدیریت شهری تهران پرداخته شده است. پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است که با روش اسنادی و پیمایشی با ابزار پرسشنامه اطلاعات گردآوری شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS صورت پذیرفته است. جامعه آماري این پژوهش کارشناسان و مدیران شهرداری تهران هستند و تعداد نمونه آماری 185 نفر بوده است. نتایج به دست آمده دراین پژوهش بیانگر آن است در وضعیت فعلی مدیریت شهرداری تهران از هشت مؤلفه حکمرانی متناسب با بیانیه گام دوم انقلاب، مؤلفه‌های رهبری و حرکت جهادی و مؤلفه شفافیت و کنترل فساد به ترتیب با میانگین 25/3 و 96/2 در حد بیشترین میزان قرار دارد. دو مؤلفه مشارکت طلبی و قانونگرایی با میانگین 7/1 و 8/1 کمترین میزان انطباق در مدیریت شهری تهران دارند. سایر مؤلفه‌های حکمرانی نیزدر وضعیت متوسط و پایین‌تر از میانگین قرارگرفته‌اند.
Explaining and Evaluating the Indicators and
Components of Tehran City Governance Model
Behroz Badko*
Mohammad Ghasemi Siani**
Ali Ranjbaraki***
The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of compliance of the current urban governance system of Tehran with the desired governance system that is in line with the vision and strategies determined in the statement of the second step of the revolution. This research is in terms of practical purpose and the method of collecting documentary-survey information. The statistical population is the experts and administrators of Tehran municipality and the number of statistical samples was 185 people. The results obtained in this research show that in the current state of Tehran municipality management, out of the eight governance components according to the statement of the second step of the revolution, the components of leadership and Jahad movement and the component of transparency and control of corruption are at the highest level. The two components of participation and legalism have the lowest degree of compliance in Tehran's urban management with governance according to the statement.
Keywords: Urban Governance System, Declaration of the second step of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Evaluation of Urban Management.
Introduction:
Success in governance and implementation of a suitable and desirable governance system is one of the basic requirements for the progress and development of the country or organization. The occurrence of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic led to the formation of a unique governance model in Iran. In this governance model, Islamic rules and principles are emphasized along with the participation and cooperation of the general public. With the passage of more than forty years of the Islamic Revolution, the vision and path of the revolution for the coming years have been explained in the document of the second step statement. In this document, the next stages of the Islamic revolution, self-improvement, socialization and civilization are introduced. The national and local governance system is one of the main and key drivers of socialization and civilization building. The city of Tehran can be an exemplary and successful model in explaining and implementing the appropriate and desirable model of the urban governance system. Accordingly, the main questions of this article are:
· What are the principles and criteria of the urban governance system according to the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution?
· What is the current situation of Tehran's urban management in the field of governance criteria according to the statement of the second step of the revolution?
Research Method:
In this research, first, the dimensions of the optimal urban governance system were explained according to the principles and strategies proposed in the second step statement. For this purpose, in-depth specialized interviews were conducted with academic and seminary intellectuals and elites, expert and senior managers, policy makers and planners of Tehran city. The number of the statistical sample of the qualitative part of the study until reaching theoretical saturation was 14 people, which was done by the selected and snowball sampling method. The analysis of the information collected in the interviews has been done with thematic analysis qualitative method. In the next step, using the obtained indicators, a research questionnaire was designed and surveyed in the statistical population. The statistical population of the research field survey was 185 experts and urban managers in the eight vice-chancellors of Tehran municipality.
Results:
The analysis of documentary and qualitative information collected through expert interviews shows that the optimal governance system according to the statement of the second step of the revolution has eight main criteria (main themes) and 33 indicators (sub-themes). The findings of the expert interviews of this study show that the eight main dimensions of the framework of the urban governance system fit the statement of the second step of the revolution, including participation, development capacity building, accountability and responsibility, transparency and corruption control, rule of law, efficiency and effectiveness, leadership and jihad movement, and fairness and justice. Measuring the indicators of the eight main components of the governance system according to the statement of the second step in the eight vice-chancellors of Tehran Municipality using a questionnaire shows that the components of the urban governance system according to the statement of the second step of the revolution in Tehran's urban management are not in a favorable and suitable condition.
Table 1- Evaluation of urban governance indicators in urban management of Tehran
|
Rank |
Component |
T statistic with an average of 2/5 and a confidence level of 95% |
The difference with the average |
|
1 |
Leadership and Jihad Movement |
14/441 |
3/25 |
|
2 |
Transparency and Corruption control |
15/928 |
2/96 |
|
3 |
Effectiveness and Influence |
16/256 |
2/15 |
|
4 |
Fairness and Justice |
17/452 |
1/96 |
|
5 |
Capacity building for Development |
18/32 |
1/88 |
|
6 |
Participation |
18/88 |
1/8 |
|
7 |
Accountability and Responsibility |
19/14 |
1/75 |
|
8 |
Rule of law |
21/84 |
1/7 |
As can be seen, the two components of leadership and jihadi movement and transparency and control of corruption are in a better situation with the index of the largest difference with the average, and the component of legalism is in an unfavorable situation.
Discussion and Conclusion:
The governance model according to the statement of the second step of the revolution includes a set of principles, framework and processes that lead to the improvement of municipal functions in a coordinated and systematic system. The principles include the foundations and the intellectual and philosophical foundation of the model of governance according to the statement of the second step of the revolution. The model framework includes a set of organizational and institutional factors and elements for formulation, design, implementation and monitoring in the system, which include missions, goals, strategies and organizational and institutional policies in the municipality. Model processes also include measures and activities in cases such as measurement, evaluation, monitoring and analysis in the system. Based on what was identified as the principles and framework of the governance model according to the statement of the second step, it can be said that the ultimate goal of the urban governance system is to build the ground and capacity for the development and deepening of rationality and self-cultivation, the development of morals and religious spirituality, human excellence and happiness, material and spiritual perfection. And the expansion of the Islamic lifestyle is accompanied by vitality and safety. In this governance system, the relationship between the government and the people, maximizing the participation of citizens and using their opinions in the areas of decision-making and decision-making and creating suitable conditions for human development and excellence is one of the main pillars and dimensions. Accordingly, in the field of supervision and control of activities, the development of public institutions seems necessary, and in order to improve the level of performance and legitimacy of the urban governance system, it is necessary to comprehensively fight against rent and corruption and increase public trust.
References:
Dalton, R. J. (1996) Citizen politics: Public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House
Keating, M. (1991) Comparative urban politics. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.
Parkinson, M. (1990) Leadership and regeneration in Liverpool: Confession, confrontation, or coalition? In Leadership and urban regeneration, edited by D. Judd and M. Parkinson, 241-57. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Peters B. G. (1996) The future of governing: Four emerging models. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Pollitt, C. (1990) Managerialism in the public service. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Savitch, H. V. (1998) The ecology of public-private partnerships: Europe. In Partnerships in urban governance: European and American experiences, edited by J. Pierre, 175-86. London: Macmillan.
* Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
** Research Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Management, Research Institute of Humanities and Social Studies (IHSS), Tehran, Iran.
*** Research Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Research Institute of Humanities and Social Studies (IHSS), Tehran, Iran.
اسماعیل زاده، حسن (1393) «الگوهای مشارکت شهروندان در اداره شهرها»؛ نشریۀ اطلاعات سیاسی- اقتصادی، سال بیست و هشتم، شماره 296.
اکبری، غضنفر (1385) سرمایه اجتماعی و حکمرانی شهری، تحقیقات جغرافیایی، 21 (4 (پیاپی 83))، صص 135-153.
امامی، محمد؛ شاکری، حمید (1394) حکمرانی خوب و قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی دوره اول، شماره 2، صص 54- 76.
جلالی فراهانی، علیرضا و مرتضی موسی‌خانی و سیدمهدی الوانی و ابوالفضل کاظمی (1401) طراحی الگوی مدیریت منابع انسانی پایدار همسو با حکمرانی مطلوب پایدار در نظام اداری ایران، فصلنامه علمی مدیریت منابع در نیروی انتظامی، سال نهم، شماره ،1 صص 91-128.
زارعی، بهادر و سیدعباس احمدی و زهرا پیشگاهی‌فرد و محسن عابدی‌درچه (1399) مقایسه تطبیقی حکمرانی متعالی در اسلام و حکمرانی خوب در غرب، دومین همایش ملی حکمرانی اسلامی، تهران.
طیبی‌رهنی، علی و یوسف محمدی‌مقدم (1401) مدل تجویزی حکمرانی در مدیریت منابع انسانی بعد از بحران شیوع کرونا، فصلنامه منابع انسانی تحول آفرین، سال اول، شماره 3، صص 26-32 فرزین پاک، شهرزاد (1383) آموختنی‌های شهر، حکمرانی خوب چیست، فصلنامه شهرداری‌ها شماره 69.
فرهنگ معین (1387) محمد معین، زرین.
محمدی، رضا (1401) تدوین الگوی توسعه سرمایه انسانی مبتنی بر حکمرانی مطلوب و پایدار سازمانی، فصلنامه آموزش مدیریت دولتی، شماره 16، سال دوم.
Coser, L. A (1956) The functions of social conflict. London: Routledge Regan Paul.
Dalton, R. J (1996) Citizen politics: Public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
Elder, N., A. H. Thomas, and D. Arter (1982) The consensual democracies? The government and politics of the Scandinavian states. Oxford, UK: Martin Robertson.
Hemes, G., and A. Selvik (1983) Local corporatism. In Organizing interests inWestem Europe, edited by S. Berger, 103-19. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Jones, B. D., and L. W. Bachelor (1986) The sustaining hand: Community leadership and corporate power. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Keating, M (1991) Comparative urban politics. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.
Mollenkopf, J. H (1983) The contested city. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
Osbome, D., and T. Gaebler (1992) Reinventing government. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Parkinson, M (1990) Leadership and regeneration in Liverpool: Confitsion, confrontation, or coalition? In Leadership and urban regeneration, edited by D. Judd and M. Parkinson, 241-57. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Peters B. G (1996) The future of governing: Four emerging models. Lawrence: Univeristy Press of Kansas.
Pollitt, C (1990) Managerialism in the public service. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Rodwin, L., and H. Sazanami, eds (1991) Industrial change and regional economic transformation. London: HarperCollins.
Savitch, H. V (1998) The ecology of public-private partnerships: Europe. In Partnerships in urban governance: European and American experiences, edited by J. Pierre, 175-86. London: Macmillan.
Villadsen, S (1986) Local corporatism? The role of organisations and local movements in the local welfare state. Policy and Politics 14:247-66.
