مروری بر سیستم امتیازدهی آنلاین و فناوری دفتر کل توزیع‌شده مبتنی و قراردادهای هوشمند
محورهای موضوعی : فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی یاسوج
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
منظور از دفترکل توزیع شده، پایگاه داده‌ای است که در آن اطلاعات مختلف به شکل غیرمتمرکز ذخیره می‌شوند. یک «دفترکل توزیع شده» (Distributed Ledger) که اسم دیگر آن «فناوری دفترکل توزیع شده» یا DLT، به پایگاه داده‌ای در فضای مجازی گفته می‌شود که بین شبکه‌ای از چند کامپیوتر متصل به هم مشترک است. در بسیاری از کشورهای توسعه‌یافته تلاش شده است تا با ایجاد تحول در قراردادهای هوشمند، زمینه تسریع و تسهیل امتیازدهی آنلاین فراهم شود. کشورهایی نظیر امریکا و انگلستان، نه‌تنها با وضع قوانین جدید از نظام ثبت سنتی به ثبت الکترونیک تغییر وضعیت داده‌اند، بلکه با بهره‌گیری از فناوری‌های جدید، نظام ثبتی نو با استفاده از قراردادهای هوشمند در بستر بلاک چین پایه‌ریزی کرده‌اند. در ایران هرچند با وضع قوانین جدیدی نظیر قانون حدنگاری تلاش شده که ثبت الکترونیک بیش‌ازپیش توسعه یابد، اما استفاده از روش‌های ثبت نو در بستر بلاک چین با بهره‌گیری از قراردادهای هوشمند، نیازمند زمینه‌ها و زیرساخت‌های فنی و قراردادهای هوشمند لازم است. قراردادهای هوشمند، قراردادهایی الکترونیکی هستند که شاخصه‌هایی منحصربه‌فرد مانند امنیت، نظارت، بازده مبادلاتی، بی‌نیازی از دخالت واسطه‌های مالی و تجاری نسبت به سایر قراردادهای الکترونیکی دارند. پیاده‌سازی فرایند انعقاد این قراردادها در فناوری دفتر کل توزیع‌شده مبتنی توجه به چالش‌های این حوزه، ازجمله نحوه احراز زمان و مکان انعقاد این قراردادها، چالش‌های مرتبط با عیوب اراده، نظام مسئولیت و نظام پذیرش خطر است. حل این چالش‌ها می‌تواند پذیرش این قراردادها در سیستم امتیازدهی آنلاین را هموارتر کند. در این مقاله تلاش شده است با استفاده از آخرین آثار علمی منتشرشده و بررسی مروری بر سیستم امتیازدهی آنلاین و فناوری دفتر کل توزیع‌شده مبتنی و قراردادهای هوشمند، ظرفیت‌ها، بسترها، چالش‌ها، نواقص، نارسائی‌ها و راهکارهای موجود بررسی شوند.
Distributed ledger is a database in which various information is stored in a decentralized manner. A "Distributed Ledger" (Distributed Ledger), also known as "Distributed Ledger Technology" or DLT, refers to a database in virtual space that is shared between a network of several interconnected computers. In many developed countries, efforts have been made to accelerate and facilitate online scoring by developing smart contracts. Countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have not only changed the situation from the traditional registration system to electronic registration by enacting new laws, but also by using new technologies, they have established a new registration system using smart contracts on the blockchain platform. In Iran, although new laws such as the Limitation Law have been put in place to further develop electronic registration, the use of new registration methods in the context of blockchain using smart contracts requires technical fields and infrastructure and smart contracts. Smart contracts are electronic contracts that have unique features such as security, monitoring, exchange efficiency, no need for the involvement of financial and commercial intermediaries compared to other electronic contracts. The implementation of the process of concluding these contracts in distributed ledger technology is based on paying attention to the challenges of this field, including how to ascertain the time and place of concluding these contracts, challenges related to defects of will, responsibility system and risk acceptance system. Solving these challenges can make the acceptance of these contracts in the online scoring system smoother. In this article, an attempt has been made by using the latest published scientific works and a review of the online scoring system and distributed ledger technology based on smart contracts, capacities, platforms, challenges, shortcomings, inadequacies and existing solutions.
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