نگرشی فقهی حقوقی پیرامون ماهیت قرارداد پزشکی
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق پزشکیکیوان رضایی 1 , سید محمد اسدی نژاد 2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد رشت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
2 - دانشیارحقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: قرارداد پزشکی, ماهیت حقوقی قرارداد, سبب حقوقی قرارداد, اثر غیرمستقیم و فرعی قرارداد, نیابت.,
چکیده مقاله :
قرارداد پزشکی بیانگر همکاری متقابل اراده بیمار با پزشک و یا گروه درمان میباشد و بهواسطه تلفیق دو حوزه حقوق و پزشکی، اهمیت ویژهای دارد. البته این توافق تنها سبب ایجاد رابطۀ حقوقی نیست. در فوریتهای پزشکی ممکن است به علّت فقدان ارادهای سالماز جانب بیمار، تحقق توافقی نافذ متصوّر نباشد. در این حالات اذن قانون جایگزین اذن بیمار میگردد و استثنائاً قانون سبب ایجاد این رابطه میشود. حدوث اختلاف میان پزشک و بیمار بسیار محتمل است لذا شناخت «ماهیت حقوقی» قرارداد و استفاده از قواعد عمومی و اختصاصی عقد برگزیده نهتنها در مباحث نظری ارزش ذاتی دارد بلکه باعث میگردد که بطور علمی از مرحلۀ نظریهپردازی وارد حوزۀ عمل شده و در نهایت این روش در حل و فصل مناقشات طرفین راهگشاست. در بررسی و تحلیل یک قرارداد شناخت «ماهیت حقوقی» در مقایسۀ با حقوق و تعهدات فرعی ناشی از آن قرارداد اهمیت ویژهای دارد. در تحلیل این قرارداد دو نظریه «عقد معین» و «عقد غیرمعین» مطرح است. بهنظر میرسد، در این قرارداد که به موجب آن پزشک موقعیت بسیار خطیر مأذونیت در تصرف بر روی جسم و جان بیمار را مییابد، تعهدات پزشک و بیمار در برابر یکدیگر، اثر «غیرمستقیم و فرعی» و مسبوق به وجود ماهیت حقوقی دیگر بهنام «نیابت» است و شناخت این مفهوم بدلیل ضروریاتی از جمله: رعایت مبانی و اصول فقهی و حقوقی، حفظ شأن بیمار و همچنین رعایت اصول اخلاقی پزشکی، زیبندۀ این قرارداد میباشد.
The medical contract expresses the mutual cooperation of the patient's will with the doctor or treatment group. And due to the integration of the two fields of law and medicine, it is of special importance. Of course, this agreement is not the only reason for creating a legal relationship. In medical emergencies, due to the lack of a healthy will on the part of the patient, it may not be possible to realize an effective agreement. In this case, the permission of the law replaces the permission of the patient, and exceptionally, the law creates this relationship. It is very likely that there will be a difference between the doctor and the patient, Therefore, knowing the "legal nature" of the contract and using the general and specific rules of the chosen contract, Not only does it have intrinsic value in theoretical discussions, but it also makes it scientifically come from the stage of theorizing into the field of practice. And finally, this method is a way to solve the disputes of the parties. In the review and analysis of a contract, it is particularly important to know the "legal nature" in comparison with the secondary rights and obligations arising from that contract. In the analysis of this contract, there are two theories of "definite contract" and "indefinite contract". It seems that in this contract, by which the doctor finds the very dangerous position of the authority to seize the body and life of the patient, The obligations of the doctor and the patient towards each other are an "indirect and secondary" effect and precede the existence of another legal entity called "proxy". And knowing this concept due to the necessity, including: compliance with jurisprudential and legal principles and principles, preserving the patient's dignity, as well as compliance with the ethical principles of medicine, is the beauty of this contract.
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